1. Published Scientific Literature on High Voltage Pulsed Current
From Aletha W. Tippett, M.D.

2. Electrical Stimulation For Wound Healing
Excerpt By C. Sussman
“ when discussing electrical stimulation it is important to distinguish the waveforms”
“HVPC from controlled studies is most thorough and consistent.”
“HVPC has safe current because of its short pulse duration which prevents significant changes in both tissue PH and temperature”.
Sussman, C. and Byl, N. Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing, Wound Care Collaborative Practice Manual for Physical Therapists and Nurses, Aspen Publishers Chapt. 16.

3. Types of Electrical Stimulation
Four Groups
Low intensity direct current (LIDC)
Alternate current (AC)
Trancutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
High voltage pulse current (HVPC)

4. Bioelectric System
The body has its own bioelectric system. This system influences wound healing by attracting the cells of repair, changing cell membrane permeability, enhancing cellular secretion through cell membranes, and orientating cell structures.
A current termed the "current of injury" is generated between the skin and inner tissues when there is a break in the skin. The current will continue until the skin defect is repaired. Healing of the injured tissue is arrested or will be incomplete if these currents no longer flow while the wound is open. A moist wound environment is required for the bioelectric system to function.
A rationale for applying electrical stimulation is that it mimics the natural current of injury and will jump start or accelerate the wound healing process.

5. Promotes phagocytosis Enhances tissue oxygenation
Inflammation phase
Initiates the wound repair process by its effect on the current of injury
Increases blood flow
Promotes phagocytosis
Enhances tissue oxygenation
Reduces edema perhaps from reduced microvascular leakage
Attracts and stimulates fibroblasts and epithelial cells
Stimulates DNA synthesis
Controls infection
( Note: HVPC proven bacteriocidal at higher intensities than
use in clinic and may not be tolerated by patient)
Solubilizes blood products including necrotic tissue
Proliferation phase
Stimulates fibroblasts and epithelial cells
Stimulates DNA and protein synthesis
Increases ATP generation
Improves membrane transport
Produces better collagen matrix organization,
Stimulates wound contraction
Epithelialization phase
Stimulates epidermal cell reproduction and migration
Produces a smoother, thinner scar

6. Electrical Stimulation and Infection— Staphylococcus aureus
Published in JRRD , volume 4, number 2, Mr/Ap 2004 by Merriman, H ; Hegyi, C
Abstract suggests for infected wounds HVPC has significant bacterial inhibitory effect that may contribute to enhanced wound healing rates (but at higher powers than usually used clinically).

7. From Unpublished Study
University Health Sciences Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
With Dr. Jefferey Davis at MicroVas

8. How does this therapy work?
Electromagnetic stimulation
Causes muscle contraction
Stimulates circulation, direct and indirect
Increases tissue perfusion
Cell membrane effects?
Increases tissue metabolism
Increased oxygen tension in tissue
Muscle contraction—muscle pump and increased circulation
Direct effect
Cellular effects?

9. Mechanism of Action Increased Tissue Perfusion Forced Exercise
2 Pump Theory
Involuntary Muscle Contraction
Increased Oxygenation
Typical Results:
After 1 treatment Up 48%
Baseline-8 weeks Up 58%
Best baseline-8 wks Up 157%

11. Mechanism of Action Direct tissue stimulation
Skin: Increased fibroblasts, epithelialization
Bone: Increased osteoblasts, calcium, and fracture healing
Muscle: Increased tone, growth
Connective Tissue: Increased strength