1. Maria Astrup Hjort Digital footprints as evidence in civil proceedings

2. Civil procedure vs. criminal procedure Two keywords: -Criminal procedure relates to criminal law. Civil procedure relates to everything else. -The role of the police. Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate1

3. Digital footprints Automatically generated data –GPS information –Access cards –Metadata –RFID chips –Electronic travel cards Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate2

4. Basic Norwegian evidence principles The principle of unrestricted presentation of evidence The principle of unrestricted evaluation of evidence Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate3

5. The Dispute Act sec. 21-4 (1) The parties shall ensure that the factual basis of the case is correct and complete. They shall provide such explanations and summaries of evidence as are required to fulfil this obligation, and they have a duty to give testimony and access to evidence pursuant to section 21-5. Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate4

6. The Dispute Act sec. 21-4 (2)A party shall also disclose the existence of important evidence of which such party has reason to believe that the opposite party is not aware. This shall apply irrespective of whether such evidence is in favour of such party itself or in favour of the opposite party. Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate5

7. Conflicting principles The party’s presentation of evidence shall be correct and complete Each party has a responsibility to present the evidence that he or she will rely on. Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate6

8. Access to digital footprints Court order to access the evidence Is the evidence relevant? Is disclosure proportional? Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate7

9. Challenge How to obtain the relevant information – and only that? Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate8

10. Digital footprints - still infrequently used in civil proceedings Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate9

11. Maria Astrup Hjort Research Fellow Department of Public and International Law P.O. Box 6706 St. Olavs plass NO-0130 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 22 85 94 72 E-mail: m.a.hjort@jus.uio.no Bristol, 14 November 2013Maria Astrup Hjort, PhD Candidate10