1. Heredity Notes

2. What do you think? Left Side of Notebook
How would you describe this person to someone. Be specific.
NO talking- Write your answer in your notebook!

3. A trait is the way you look, the way you behave or the way your body works.

4. - Each trait is controlled by your genes.

5. - Parents pass along these traits through a process called heredity.

6. The outward appearance of that gene is called the phenotype (looks) and is shown by using descriptors .
For example: Black hair, blue eyes
hair color

7. The genes that your parents give you are called genotype (genes) and is shown by using letters to represent the traits.
For example: Black hair can use represented with a B or a b.
Hair color

8. Genotype or Phenotype Practice
- Look at each example on your notes and decide if it is Genotype (g) or phenotype (p)

9. Genotype or Phenotype Practice
1- blue eyes 6- brown eyes
2- GG gg
3- purple flowers 8- right handed
4- Hh rr
5- tt curly hair

10. Traits- Can be dominant or recessive
A dominant trait is one that is seen while a recessive trait is hidden.
An example of a dominant trait is brown eyes and blue eyes are recessive.

11. Traits- Can be dominant or recessive
Dominant Trait
Represented by a capital letter
Example: B for brown eyes
Recessive Trait
Represented by a lowercase letter
Example: b for blue eyes

12. Dominant or Recessive Practice
- Look at each genotype and phenotype and determine if the trait is dominant (D) or recessive (R).

13. Purple (P) is Dominant to pink (p) 1- PP 2-Pp 3-pp
Determine if the genotypes below (letters) is dominant (D) or recessive (R).
Determine if the phenotypes below (looks) is dominant (D) or recessive (R).
Brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b)
1- Brown eyes-
2- Brown eyes-
3- Blue eyes-
Purple (P) is Dominant to pink (p)
1- PP
2-Pp
3-pp

14. Alleles
Each trait that you have is shown with 2 letters (BB or Bb or bb) these are called alleles.
BB or Bb bb

15. WHAT ARE ALLELES? An allele is different version of a gene
Eye color gene: brown allele
Eye color gene: blue allele
Body cells have two forms of ALLELES for a single gene (you got one from Mom and one from Dad)

16. What is seen and what is hidden?
If there is even 1 capital letter present in the genotype than the dominant trait is seen.
Ex: BB or Bb
Alleles could be BB or Bb.

17. What is seen and what is hidden?
The only way to have a recessive trait is for both alleles to be recessive or lowercase.
Ex: bb
Alleles could only be bb.

18. Dominant or recessive Practice
- Look at each genotypes below and determine if the trait is dominant or recessive.

19. Dominant or recessive Practice
1- ee hh
2- GG gg
3- Ee Dd
4- Hh rr
5- tt TT

20. Homozygous and Heterozygous
If the genotype (letters) has 2 of the same letters (BB or bb) then it is called homozygous.
The prefix homo means- Same. The letters are the same.
Ex: BB or bb
Alleles could be BB.
Alleles could be bb.

21. Homozygous and Heterozygous
If the genotype (letters) has 2 of different letters (Bb) then it is called heterozygous.
The prefix hetero means- different. The letters are different.
Ex: Bb
Alleles could be Bb.

22. Heterozygous or Homozygous Practice
- Look at each example on your notes and decide if it is Homozygous (Ho) or Heterozygous (He).

23. Heterozygous or Homozygous Practice
1- Gg Tt
2- GG gg
3- rr Rr
4- Hh rr
5- tt RR

24. Using all the terms you can fully describe an organism.
For Example:
Dash is homozygous recessive for blue eyes (bb) and blonde hair (gg).

25. Using all the terms you can fully describe an organism.
For Example:
Mom has brown hair which could be heterozygous (Bb) dominant or homozygous (BB) dominant.

26. How do we this information?
Scientists use this information to help determine what the offspring of two parents will look like.

27. Punnett Squares
By knowing the genotype of the parents we can predict the possible ways an offspring will look.

28. Punnett Squares Step 1
Draw a box divided into 4 squares or use the squares provided.

29. Punnett Squares Step 2 Put 1 parents genotype along the top.
Put the other parents genotype along the side.
Ex:
Parent 1 BB
Parent 2 Bb
B B
Parent 1- BB
Parent 2- Bb B b

30. Punnett Squares Practice
Set up all your Punnett squares.
Remember that 1 parent goes on top and one along the side.

31. Punnett Squares 1- Bb and bb 2-bb and bb 3-BB and BB 6-Rr and Rr

32. Punnett Squares 1- Bb and bb 2-bb and bb 3-BB and BB B B B b b b B b b
6-Rr and Rr
4-RR and rr
5-rr and rr
R R
r r
R r r R r r

33. Punnett Squares Step 3 Begin with the genotypes on top.
Each top letter can ONLY move straight down into a square. B B B B B B

34. Punnett Squares Step 4 Move on to the genotypes on the side.
Each side letter can ONLY move straight across into a square. B B B B B B B b B b B b

35. Punnett Squares Practice
Now that you have all your parents in the right place cross the rest of the Punnett Squares.

36. Punnett Squares B B B B B b b b b b b b B B B B B b b b b b b b Rr Rr
1- Bb and bb
2-bb and bb
3-BB and BB
B B
B b
b b b B b
B B
B B
B b
b b
b b
b b
B B
B B
B b
b b
b b
b b
6-Rr and Rr
4-RR and rr
5-rr and rr
R R
r r
R r r R r r Rr Rr RR
R r
r r
r r
R r
r r Rr Rr
r r
r r

37. Punnett Squares Step 5 Determine genotypes and phenotypes created
1-Bb and bb
B b
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
Genotypes: Bb, bb
Phenotype: 2 brown eyes, 2 blue eyes b
B b
b b
B b
b b
2-bb and bb
b b b
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
Genotypes: bb
Phenotype: 4 blue eyes
b b
b b
b b
b b

38. Phenotype: 4 Red Flowers Rr Rr
3-BB and BB
B B B
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
Genotypes: BB
Phenotype: 4 Brown eyes
B B
B B
B B
B B
4-RR and rr
R R r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: Rr
Phenotype: 4 Red Flowers Rr Rr Rr Rr

39. Phenotype: 4 White flowers r r r r
5-rr and rr
r r r
r r
r r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: rr
Phenotype: 4 White flowers
r r
r r
6-Rr and Rr
R r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: RR, Rr, rr
Phenotype: 3 Red, 1 White R r RR
R r
R r
r r

40. Fully describe an organism Step 6
1-Bb and bb
B b
Bb- Heterozygous Dominant Brown
bb- Homozygous Recessive Blue
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
Genotypes: Bb, bb
Phenotype: 2 brown eyes, 2 blue eyes b
B b
b b
B b
b b
2-bb and bb
b b
bb- Homozygous Recessive Blue b
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
Genotypes: bb
Phenotype: 4 blue eyes
b b
b b
b b
b b

41. BB- Homozygous Dominant Brown B= Brown Eyes b= Blue Eyes Genotypes: BB
3-BB and BB
B B
BB- Homozygous Dominant Brown B
B= Brown Eyes
b= Blue Eyes
Genotypes: BB
Phenotype: 4 Brown eyes
B B
B B
B B
B B
4-RR and rr
R R
Rr- Heterozygous Dominant Red r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: Rr
Phenotype: 4 Red Flowers Rr Rr Rr Rr

42. rr- Homozygous Recessive White r r r r R= Red flowers r= White flowers
5-rr and rr
r r r
rr- Homozygous Recessive White
r r
r r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: rr
Phenotype: 4 White flowers
r r
r r
6-Rr and Rr
R r
R= Red flowers
r= White flowers
Genotypes: RR, Rr, rr
Phenotype: 3 Red, 1 White
RR- Homozygous Dominate Red
Rr- Heterozygous Dominate Red
rr- Homozygous Recessive White R r RR
R r
R r
r r

43. Monster Genetics
- Using your notes to determine the genetics of Mike and Sully. - Make sure to READ all DIRECTIONS!!! - Due Tomorrow!