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The Many layers of Ancient Greece

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1 The Many layers of Ancient Greece

2 Minoans and Mycenaeans
Civilized the island of Crete Sea-Farers, trade with Egypt Developed extensive road networks and lavish villas Crete conquered by Mycenaeans

3 Mycenaeans 1900 BCE people moved from Crete and started inhabiting mainland Greece Had a dominant Navy Development of Gods like Zeus- Heavy influence on Greek religion and mythology Were destroyed by the Dorians from the North ca BCE

4 Trojan War Mythologized war between Mycaenean Greece and Troy.
Evidence exists for the destruction of Troy around 1180 BCE. After the war, the Mycaenean civilization is weakened and is overtaken by the Dorian’s Greek city states fall into the hands of Tyrant kings till 500’s CE

5 Burning of Troy

6 Dark Ages 1100 BCE-500 BCE Little is known Culture was destroyed
Earlier civilizations became myth, played into the development of the rich pantheon of Greek Gods

7 Classical Age 800 BCE - 323 BCE Begins with the writings of Homer
Built the Acropolis , the Olympic stadiums, theaters and the Temple of Apollo at Delphi Athens expels its last King Democracy Direct Democracy Olympics played between the city states Philosophers- Socrates, Plato and Aristotle most well known Ended with the death of Alexander the Great

8 Athens Education and literature Slavery and Gender inequality
Xenophobia Worshipped Athena- Goddess of Wisdom, reason, and the arts. Idea of athiesm/ agnosticism arises in Athens Democracy- (only 1/3 of the population voted) Philosophy becomes a major influence over government and society

9 Sparta Oligarchy Strong Military tradition-
Boys left home at 7 and trained till 20 to become soldiers Women were more valued than in Athenian society and encouraged to be physically fit to create strong men. Huge slave class Highly religious and dutiful society Worshipped Ares (war god) and Artemis (Goddess of the hunt) as well as Apollo and the Oracle at Delphi

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11 The Oracle at Delphi A woman was chosen to live in the temple of Apollo , was thought to converse with the Gods. Incredibly influential, Greek leaders made state decisions based on her advice, which was often incredibly vague.

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13 Persian Wars 499 BCE BCE Athens helped a revolt by Ionian Greeks on the Anatolian Peninsula against Persia Persia offered peace Terms to city states Rejected by the Greeks City-States unify under the Threat of Persian domination Athens offered a strong Navy Sparta had strong infantry Several battles fought, eventually The Greeks were victorious- Battle Of Marathon was the major victory After the wars, Athens takes control of a more unified Greece, except Sparta who remained Independent and became the Main rival of Athens

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18 Peloponnesian War By 431, the other city-states of
Greece were fed up with Athenian domination and excesses Began a 30 year internal war Pitted city states against each other in two more or less unified sides: Spartan alliances and Athenian alliances Ended with the victory of Sparta over Athens by 404 BCE

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20 Peloponnesian War Aftermath
The wars dramatically weakened the city states This weakened, yet semi-unified state allowed for Phillip of Macedon to conquer all of Greece in 346 BCE- Father of Alexander the Great Essentially, By invading Greece in the first place, the Persians created the conditions for their own destruction by the Greeks under Alexander the Great.

21 Debate Sparta vs. Athens
The two most powerful city states of Greece were often pitted against each other, first as a cultural rivalry, and then in battle during the Peloponnesian wars. In your city-state group, read through the hand out on your respective culture. Follow the guidelines on the debate hand out to determine which city-state was superior.


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