1. Ancient Egypt

2. Benefits of the Nile River
Provided water
Drinking, bathing, cooking, cleaning, fishing
Built irrigation canals & basins
Shadoof
Papyrus
Provided a barrier for invading armies
Cataracts- blocked boats from coming North
Delta – no harbors for invading armies

3. Benefits of the Nile River
Transportation
Used to travel to other villages
Trade – developed friendly relations with others along the Nile
Rich soil
Kemet- “the black lands”
Rich soil left behind from floods
Allowed the people to become skilled farmers

7. United Kingdom of Egypt

8. United Egypt Skillful farming leads to a surplus
Less workers needed in the fields and skilled workers develop( artisans make pottery, cloth, copper tools and weapons, and carved statues)
Trading develops because of an excess of goods( agricultural and manufactured)

9. United Egypt Government needed to:
Build and maintain irrigation systems, store and distribute grain, and settle land disagreements
Earliest rulers were chiefs from villages- stronger chiefs take over weaker ones
4000B.C.- Egypt is consolidated into two large Kingdoms- Upper and Lower
3100B.C. – Namer leads armies North and takes control of Lower Egypt

10. Narmer’s Rule Formed a dynasty( line of rulers from one family)
Egypt had - 31 dynasties – 2, 800 years
Historians divide dynasties into 3 groups
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom

11. Egyptian Social Classes

12. Egypt’s Social Classes
Pharaoh and family
Lived in large palaces with servants
Vizer
Closest advisor to the Pharaoh
Upper Class- high priests, nobles and army commanders
Lived in city estates along the Nile, elegant homes and gardens, servants, dressed in white linen and wore heavy make-up and jewlery

14. Egypt’s Social Classes
Middle Class- skilled workers, traders, artisans and scribes
Smaller homes, dressed simply
Provided many goods for society ( linens, jewelry, pottery and metal goods)
Farmers
Largest group, most worked for nobles, lived in villages along the Nile in small huts

16. Egypt’s Social Classes
Unskilled workers- peasants& laborers
Provided physical labor
Lived in crowded city neighborhoods
Small houses with flat roofs( played games, women worked )

17. Family Life in Egypt Father Mother Children Head of the family
Taught sons to be farmers or skilled artisans
Mother
Taught daughters to sew, cook, and run the household
Women had many rights
Upper class women in charge of temples
Children
Did not attend school
Played board games, dolls, spinning tops and with stuffed leather balls