2. 100 200 300 400 500 600

3. The amount of energy needed to cause a chemical reaction to occur

4. The place on an enzyme where it binds with its substrate

5. Substance that starts or speeds up a chemical reaction, also known as an enzyme

6. A chemical reaction that results in a net release of energy

7. The molecule on which an enzyme acts

8. Two identical molecules that result from the splitting of glucose

9. Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.

10. The stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen

11. Why are membranes essential components of aerobic respiration

12. Tiny packets of energy

13. First step or stage in cellular respiration

14. The process by which living things release the energy stored in food molecules

15. The process of breaking down pyruvates in the absence of oxygen to obtain energy

16. The slowing or stopping of an early reaction in a biochemical pathway when levels of the end product become high

17. How is catabolism different from anabolism

18. The sum of the chemical reactions in a cell.

19. The type of chemical reaction that requires a net input of energyThe type of chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy + ∆G

20. How are proton pumps used in cellular respiration How are proton pumps used in cellular respiration?

21. What is the primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration

22. When ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi When ATP is broken down to ADP and Pi, what is the ∆G

23. Hydrolysis of starch (a polysaccharide) will yieldHydrolysis of starch (a polysaccharide) will yield….

24. Products of Cellular Respiration

25. Three characteristics of enzymes

26. Reactants of Cellular Respiration

27. Biological Catalysts

28. ATP  ADP + P + ?

29. Contains Three Phosphoric Acid Molecules, 1 Ribose Molecule, and 1 Adenine Molecule

30. Contains Two Phosphoric Acid Molecules, 1 Ribose Molecule, and 1 Adenine Molecule

31. What is energy coupling?

32. Where Cellular Respiration occurs (2 places in the cell)

33. Affected by temperature, acidity, and the amount of available substrate

34. A When ATP is produced using molecules and enzymes

35. Yeast cells undergoing fermentation will produce

36. Three main processes of Electron Transport

37. Oxidative Phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) is?

38. The Label the activation energy and the ∆G of the following reaction

39. Means “Splitting of Glucose”

40. When muscle cells do not receive enough oxygen this is formed

41. When fermentation occurs, what molecule is regenerated that keeps glycolysis working

42. What happens in the intermediate step

43. How many ATP’s can be formed from each: NADH and FADH2 in ETS

44. What is the maximum number of ATPs that can be produced in the overall process of oxidative respiration? Derive thisWhat is the maximum number of ATPs that can be produced in the overall process of oxidative respiration? Derive this.

45. Required for electron trasport (complexes embedded in the membrane that facilitate e- transfer) and pumping of H+ to produce a gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP through ATP synthase complexes embedded in the membrane 3 for NADH 2 for FADH2 38 2 from Glycolysis 2 from Krebs 30 from NADH 4 from FADH2 CatalystCytosol and mitochondria Active SiteExergonic or catabolic ATPPyruvateETSFinal e- acceptor Endergonic or anabolic Anabolic means to build up reactions and catabolic means to breakdown fermentation GlycolysisCellular Respiration e- transfer H+ pumping H’s fall down the gradient to produce ATP MetabolismUsed to make ATP When hydrolyis of ATP-> ADP + P is coupled to an endergonic reaction and vice versa ATP EnzymesReaction rate of an enzyme Glucose monomers -7 kcal/molCO2 + H20 (ATP) C6H12O6 + O2 H2O ADPReaction rate of an enzyme Ethanol Using oxygen as a final e- acceptor to form water helps to produce ATP by using a H+ gradient GlycolysisPyruvate + coA -  acetyl CoA NADH, CO2 NAD+ Lactic AcidAE = hump Delta G = S-P Feedback inhibition Substrate level phosporylation Activation energy 38Oxidation- Reduction Or electron transport