1. The State of Human Resources in the Geosciences Christopher M. Keane 19 May 2003 Washington, DC

2. US Geoscience Student Enrollment Normalization 1 Undergraduate and Graduate Levels, 1955-2001 AGI, 2001 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 1955196019651970197519801985199019952000 Undergraduate Graduates

3. US Geoscience Student Enrollment Normalization 2 Undergraduate and Graduate Levels, 1955-2002 AGI, 2002 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 1955196019651970197519801985199019952000 Year Students Undergraduate Graduate

4. Total Degrees in Geoscience Normalization 2 1973-2002 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 1973197619791982198519881991199419972000 Year Degrees BSMSPhD

5. Female Geoscience Enrollment and Degrees 1974-2002 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 197419761978198019821984198619881990199219941996199820002002 Year Percent Female Enrolled Graduated

6. US Geoscience Employment AGI Demographic Survey 1986 Academic 7% Government 12% Petroleum 50% Mining 9% Environmental 7% Retired/Unemployed 10% Other 5% Total Population 120,000

7. US Geoscience Employment NSF National Survey of College Graduates 1993 Petroleum 34% Mining 7% Environment 12% Government 12% Retired/Unemployed 23% Academic 11% Total Population 125,000

8. US Geoscience Employment AGI Demographic Survey 2000 Petroleum 30% Mining 8% Environmental 14% Government 16% Academia 20% Unemployed/Retired 6% Other 6%

9. Petroleum Geoscientist Demand Geologists, Geophysicists, and Engineers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 199520002005201020152020 Year Petroleum Geoscientists (Thousands) New Entries (3% Growth) Current Workforce Total Workforce Demand ??

10. The Geoscience Economy 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 198719881989 19901991 199219931994 1995199619971998 199920002001 Year Billions of Dollars Oil/Gas Environmental Academic R&D Coal Mining Fed R&D Source: US BEA/NSF

11. GeoNP vs. GNP 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001 Year Billions of Dollars (Geo) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Billions of Dollars (GNP) GeoNP GNP

12. Future Directions Improving response rates Improving response rates Looking at economic activity instead of heads? Looking at economic activity instead of heads? Address issues in Rand report Address issues in Rand report Professional science degree Professional science degree Improving certainty for students Improving certainty for students