1. Java Annotations

2. Annotations  Annotations are metadata or data about data. An annotation indicates that the declared element should be processed in some special way by a compiler, development tool, deployment tool, or during runtime.  Annotation-based development is certainly one of the latest Java development trends  Annotations can be applied to several Java Elements like, package declarations, class, constructors, methods, fields, Variables and etc.

3. The Basics  Example to Define an Annotation (Annotation type) public @interface MyAnnotation { String doSomething(); }  Example to Annotate Your Code (Annotation) MyAnnotation (doSomething="What to do") public void mymethod() {....... }

4. class C { @NonNull Object field; C(@NonNull Object p) { field = p; } @NonNull Object get() { return field; } Structure of Java Compiler Parser Source File Class File Writer Class File Error Type Checker Comments

5. class C { @NonNull Object field; C(@NonNull Object p) { field = p; } @NonNull Object get() { return field; } Structure of Java5 Compiler Parser Annotation Checker Plugins Annotation Checker Class File Writer Class File Type Checker Error Source File Program with annotations

6. Annotation Types  Marker  Single-Element  Full-value or multi-value

7. Marker Marker annotations take no parameters. They are used to mark a Java element to be processed in a particular way.  Example: public @interface MyAnnotation { }  Usage: @MyAnnotation public void mymethod() {.... }

8. Single-Element  Single-element, or single-value type, annotations provide a single piece of data only. This can be represented with a data=value pair or, simply with the value (a shortcut syntax) only, within parenthesis.  Example: public @interface MyAnnotation { String doSomething(); }  Usage: @MyAnnotation ("What to do") public void mymethod() {.... }

9. Full-value or multi-value  Full-value type annotations have multiple data members.  Example: public @interface MyAnnotation { String doSomething(); int count; String date(); }  Usage: @MyAnnotation (doSomething= "What to do", count=1, date="09-09-2005") public void mymethod() {.... }

10. The Built-In Annotations  Java defines seven built-in annotations.  Four are imported from java.lang.annotation  @Retention,  @Documented,  @Target,  and @Inherited.  Three are included in java.lang. @Override, @Deprecated, and @SuppressWarnings.

11. Simple Annotations (or) Standard Annotations  There are three types of simple annotations provided by JDK5. They are: Override Deprecated Suppresswarnings

12. Override  Override is a Marker Annotation type that can be applied to a method to indicate to the Compiler that the method overrides a method in a Superclass. This Annotation type guards the programmer against making a mistake when overriding a method. For eg The syntax ---@Override  Example Program: class Parent { public float calculate (float a, float b) { return a * b; } } Whenever you want to override a method, declare the Override annotation t ype before the method: public class Child extends Parent { @Override public int calculate (int a, int b) { return (a + 1) * b; } }

13. The Deprecated annotation  This annotation indicates that when a deprecated program element is used, the compiler should warn you about it. Example 2 shows you the deprecated annotation.  The syntax --- @Deprecated  Example : public class DeprecatedTest { @Deprecated public void serve() { } } If you use or override a deprecated method, you will get a warning at compile time. public class DeprecatedTest2 { public static void main(String[] args) { DeprecatedTest test = new DeprecatedTest(); test.serve(); } }

14. The Suppresswarnings annotation  SuppressWarnings is used to suppress compiler warnings. You can apply @SuppressWarnings to types, constructors, methods, fields, parameters, and local variables.  The syntax --- @SuppressWarnings  Eg: import java.util.Date; public class Main { @SuppressWarnings(value={"deprecation"}) public static void main(String[] args) { Date date = new Date(2009, 9, 30); System.out.println("date = " + date); } }

15. Documentation  public class Generation3List extends { // Author: John Doe // Date: 3/17/2002 // Current revision: 6 // Last modified: 4/12/2004 // By: Jane Doe // Reviewers: Alice, Bill, Cindy // class code goes here }  Using Java Annotation @Documented @interface ClassPreamble { String author(); String date(); int currentRevision() default 1; String lastModified() default "N/A"; String lastModifiedBy() default "N/A"; String[] reviewers(); } @ClassPreamble ( author = "John Doe", date = "3/17/2002", currentRevision = 6, lastModified = "4/12/2004", lastModifiedBy = "Jane Doe", reviewers = {"Alice", "Bob", "Cindy"} )

16. The Target annotation  @Target(ElementType.TYPE)—can be applied to any element of a class  @Target(ElementType.FIELD)—can be applied to a field or property  @Target(ElementType.METHOD)—can be applied to a method level annotation  @Target(ElementType.PARAMETER)—can be applied to the parameters of a method  @Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR)—can be applied to constructors  @Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)—can be applied to local variables  @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)—indicates that the declared type itself is an

17. Java Annotation in Struts2  Two mechanisms for declaring your architecture XML Java annotations

18. Design

19. Struts 2 Feature  "zero configuration" Convention over configuration: this means that if you follow some standard naming conventions and place your Struts 2 actions in the "correct" location, then Struts will take care of finding them and configuring your application for you — meaning that you will have far less manual configuration. Java Annotations

20. web.xml  HelloStruts2 struts2 org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher actionPackages com.geekcap.struts2 struts2 /* index.html

21. How it works  For Eg: We are going to have a package name as com.greekcap.struts2 And the Sub-Package name as action  Place the class files inside the Action Package  http://localhost:8080/HelloStruts2/action/.action  The next step is to define the action name. Action classes can be defined in two ways: Configuration: implement the Action interface Convention: name your class so that it ends with the word Action

22. How FilterDispatcher will Identify the Class  the Action interface, or  extends the ActionSupport class, and provide an execute() method that returns a String, then the FilterDispatcher will identify your class  On the other hand, you are not required to implement the Action interface if your class name ends in Action and it provides an execute() method that returns a String.

23. When the FilterDispatcher finds such a class, it defines the action name as follows:  Remove the word "Action" from the end of the class name  Convert the first character in the class name to lower case http://localhost:8080/HelloStruts2/actio n/.action http://localhost:8080/HelloStruts2/actio n/hello.action

24. HelloAction.java  package com.geekcap.struts2.action; import org.apache.struts2.config.Result; @Result(name="success", value="/hello.jsp") public class HelloAction { private String name; public String execute() { return "success"; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }

25. 1.helloForm.jsp 2. hello.jsp Hello, !

26. Struts2 Validation Using Java Annotation  package net.roseindia; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; mport com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.annotations.*; @Validation public class AnnotationAction extends ActionSupport { private String username = null; private String password = null;  @RequiredStringValidator(message="Supply name") public String getUsername() { return username; }  public void setUsername(String value) { username = value; } @RequiredStringValidator(message="Supply password") public String getPassword() { return password; }  public void setPassword(String value) { password = value; }  public String execute() throws Exception { System.out.println("Validating login"); if(!getUsername().equals("Admin") || !getPassword().equals("Admin")){ addActionError("Invalid user name or password! Please try again!"); return ERROR; } else{ return SUCCESS; } }}

27. Thank You