1. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 X

2. Understanding X Overview One of the original open source projects Developed at MIT Criticisms of X Handles fonts poorly Security issues Overly complex Recent improvements to XFree86

3. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Overview X server Local X clients Remote X clients Network X clients are programs with a graphical user interface: xeyes xlogo firefox gimp etc. User's System

4. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X The Components of X Server Component most important component controls input devices controls video hardware VGA and hardware specific servers Client Component clients are what the user sees window manager provides access to individual clients and windows e.g. metacity, mwm, twm, sawfish, enlightenment... file manager - client that acts as a graphical shell allowing access to the file system desktop manager - provides login sessions, authentication, and taskbar support

5. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Understanding the XF86config File General Format of the File: 1. File Section 2. Keyboard Section 3. Pointer Section 4. Monitor Section 5. Graphics Device Section 6. Screen Section Testing the Configuration

6. startx shell script – starts up your GUI desktop x, xinit commands xdm command can be run only by root usually used in startup scripts shows graphical logon screen CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Starting an X Window Session xinit (bare bones X server and xterm) x (bare bones X server)

7. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Window Managers – widgets level (look and feel) AfterStep Enlightenment Fvwm95 IceWM Sawfish Window Maker mwm twm twm (Tom's Window Manager)

8. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Window Managers – widgets level (look and feel) AfterStep Enlightenment Fvwm95 IceWM Sawfish Window Maker mwm twm mwm (Motif Window Manager)

9. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Desktop Environments Mandriva with KDE Debian with Gnome

10. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X GUI File Managers File Manager Features Accomplish same tasks as shell without lengthy commands Have drag and drop support Midnight Commander Nautilus Easy to use visual file manager Use mouse to eliminate excessive key strokes File Managers on KDE KFM Konqueror

11. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Observe how many hidden files there are now for a fresh account that has never run the gnome desktop yet.

12. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Type X (a capital X) to run the X server

13. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X To end, type Ctrl-Alt-BS keys at the same time

14. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X After exiting X you will see all the messages written to tty1.

15. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Type xinit to run the X server and an xterm terminal

16. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X To end, type exit

17. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X After exiting X you will see all the messages written to tty1.

18. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X To start the full desktop, type startx

19. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Look familiar?

20. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X ps –u cis191 shows that thee are a lot more processes used now than with the earlier xinit example Log out to end

21. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X After exiting X you will see all the messages written to tty1.

22. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X There are quite a few new hidden files and hidden directories now

23. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Copy the system xinitrc file to the home directory. cp /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.xinitrc Make it a hidden file.

24. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Enter the xinit command again

25. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Look familiar?

26. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Create a file named.Xclients and add: xclock -geometry 100x100-5+5 & exec xterm -geometry 80x24+50+150 Give the file execute permissions then enter xinit

27. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X You have just started to create your own personal desktop

28. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X

29. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Note &'s to run xclock and xterm in the background. Also note there is only one exec command and that is at the end Edit.Xclients to be: xclock -geometry 100x100-5+5 & xterm -geometry 80x24+50+150 & exec twm

30. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X TWM is Tom's Window Manager (Tom LaStrange)

31. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Now run firefox

32. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Position the frame for the Firefox window

33. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Understanding X Enter the xinit command again

34. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 One last X example [cis191@star ~]$ cat.Xclients xclock -geometry 100x100-5+5 & xterm -geometry 80x24+50+150 & xkbwatch -geometry 100x100+50+5 & xlogo -geometry 80x80+600+480 & xsetroot -solid "azure2" exec twm [cis191@star ~]$

35. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 One last X example To close windows or exit using Tom's Window Manager, left click and hold on the background to get a pop-up menu, then select choice.

36. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 X over Network

37. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 X over the Network Client – Server model (just reversed) We will use Duke's X server to serve up a graphical display from a program running on Star. Star Duke local remote The xclient runs here The xclient graphical output is displayed here using the local X server Normally we refer to the remote computer running an application as the "server". It is the reverse with X.

38. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 ssh remote login with –X option Note: the processes running on Star before and after the remote ssh login Note: Using the –X option on ssh command to log into Star

39. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Note: xeyes process running on Star Note: xeyes graphical output is displayed on Duke Using X to run xeyes client program remotely

40. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Using X to run firefox client program remotely Note: xfirefox processes running on Star Note: firefox graphical output is displayed on Duke

41. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 X over the Network Client – Server model (just reversed) We will use Duke's X server to serve up a graphical display from a program running on a Windows PC Star Windows Vista PC local remote The xclient runs here The xclient graphical output is displayed here using the local X server (cygwin) Normally we refer to the remote computer running an application as the "server". It is the reverse with X.

42. CIS 191 - Lesson 7 Using X with Microsoft Windows PC 2) Connect to Star (CentOS) with: ssh –X root@192.168.0.25 then run xeyes and xclock 1) Run Cygwin Bash Shell and enter: startx