1. Artificial Retina Imaging for the Sight Impaired
By: Danny Alvarez /29/15
Artificial retina imaging has made great improvements in the last decade, and is poised to make an even larger advancement in the near future. In the future those with retina damage caused by retinitis pigmentation could once again see in 20/20.

2. Outline Anatomy of the Eye Argus Bio-Retina Other Solutions
Future Solutions
Summary
References
Key Concepts
Questions

3. Anatomy of the Eye Cornea Retina Optic Nerve Brain Image enters
Image is converted
Optic Nerve
Image is transmitted
Brain
Image is perceived

4. Anatomy of the Eye Causes of Blindness retinitis pigmentosa
macular degeneration

5. Argus
Mark Humayun
Artificial Retina Project
Second Sight
Developer

6. Argus Argus I Developed in 2002 16 electrode array 1 inch package
Argus II
Developed in 2006
FDA Approved 2013
60 electrode array

7. Argus

8. Bio-Retina Nano-Retina Has wireless charger Company founded in 2009
Much cheaper
Has wireless
charger
Poly-Si TFTs

9. Bio-Retina Glasses produce IR beam 576 electrode array 3x4 mm circuit
Single photovoltaic cell

10. Benefits Argus FDA Approved Easier to update Bio-Retina
Full Line of Sight
Low Energy
Cheaper
Clearer Sight

11. Other Solutions
Stem Cells
Drug Therapy
Gene Therapy

12. Future Solutions EYE HMOX 15/10 vision Hope to begin process in 2027
3 models
EYE Heal
EYE Enhance
EYE Advance

13. Summary Can only assist with certain types of blindness
Current vision is very crude
Expected advances in the near future
Only Argus FDA approved
Very expensive

14. References
Matsumora, A. "Artificial Retina Using Poly-Si TFTs Driven by Wireless Power Supply." IEEE Xplore. IEEE, 11 May Web. 26 Apr <http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpl%2Flogin.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D %26tag%3D1%26url%3Dhttp%253A %252F%252Fieeexplore.ieee.org%252Fstamp%252Fstamp.jsp%253Ftp%253D%2526arnumber%253D %2526tag%253D1>.
Anthony, Sebastian. "The laser-powered bionic eye that gives 576-pixel grayscale vision to the blind."ExtremeTech.com. Ziff Davis, LLC, 12 July Web. 24 Apr < eye-that-gives-576-pixel- grayscale-vision-to-the-blind>.
Cameron, Adam. "Biotech Startup Wants to Bioprint Superhuman Eyeballs." Tech Gen Mag. N.p., 22 Apr Web. 26 Apr <
How the Artificial Retina Works." Artificial Retina Project. N.p., 8 Jan Web. 25 Apr <
"How Your Eyes Work." How Your Eyes Work. American Optometric Association, n.d. Web. 25 Apr < and-public/resources-for- teachers/how-your-eyes-work>.
"Mission." Second Sight. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Apr <

15. References
Puiu, Tibi. "Argus 2 bionic eye implant to receive firmware update." ZME Science. N.p., 8 Aug Web. 25 Apr < eye-argus-2-update-04232/#!FOWAR>.
Thukral, Hitesh. "Bio-Retina to Enter Clinical Trials in 2013." Techno World. N.p., July Web. 26 Apr <
"What is Retinitis Pigmentosa." Foundation Fighting Blindess. N.p., n.d. Web. . <
White, Ronald. "Bionic eye maker has vision of the future." LAtimes. N.p., 27 Apr Web. 25 Apr < sight.eu/images/stories/2- sight/pdf/ _latimes_bionic_eye.pdf>.

16. Key Concepts
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Macular Degeneration are only causes that are eligible
Very crude resolution currently
Currently only one FDA approved but more options to come
Electric pulses used to excite optic nerve and interpret light
Differences in Argus and Bio-Retina

17. Questions?