1. Fig. 5-COa, p. 128

2. Fig. 5-COb, p. 129

3. Age (Ma) cmEvents 64.9 50 Post-extinction layer: Sediments containing microfossils from after the dinosaurs Tertiary 65.0 Fireball layer: Dust and ash fallout from the asteroid impact 60 Ejecta layer: Material blasted from the crater and deposited here within days to months 70 Cretaceous

4. Fig. 5-1, p. 130

5. Fig. 5-2, p. 130

6. Fig. 5-3, p. 130

7. Fig. 5-4, p. 131

8. Depth 21.25 3 1.9 4 2.5 Scour moat 5 3.1 6 4 km miles West East

9. Table 5-1, p. 132

10. Fig. 5-5, p. 132

11. 1,000 100 Erosion 20 10 Transportation cm /sec Stream velocity (cm/sec) 1 1 cm /sec Deposition ClaySiltSandGravel.1.004.06 A 2.0100 Particle size (diameter in mm)

12. Table 5-2, p. 133

13. Fig. 5-6, p. 133

14. Erosion Transport Uplift Deposition Sedimentary beds Lithospheric plate

15. Fig. 5-7a, p. 134

16. Fig. 5-7b, p. 134

17. Fig. 5-7c, p. 134

18. Fig. 5-8, p. 135

19. Fig. 5-9, p. 136

20. Fig. 5-10, p. 137

21. Terrigenous deposits:Biogenous deposits: Hydrogenous deposits also present (manganese nodules) Continental margin sediments Calcareous oozes Glacial-marine sediments Siliceous radiolarian oozes Pelagic claysSiliceous diatom oozes

22. Table 5-3, p. 137

23. Fig. 5-11, p. 138

24. Fig. 5-12, p. 139

25. Storm winds Sea level Wave base Substrate liquefied by wave activity Turbidity current Key Turbidity currents Submarine canyon Deep- sea fans Distance from shelf edge 50150 km miles 0 50 100 Continental slope Continental rise Abyssal plain Continental shelf Sediment slump masses Graded beds of turbidites Underlying basaltic crust 100

26. Fig. 5-12, p. 139 Stepped Art Key Turbidity currents Submarine canyon Deep- sea fans Distance from shelf edge 50150 km miles 0 50 100 Continental slope Continental rise Abyssal plain Continental shelf Sediment slump masses Graded beds of turbidites Underlying basaltic crust 100 Storm winds Sea level Wave base Substrate liquefied by wave activity Turbidity current

27. Fig. 5-13a, p. 140

28. Fig. 5-13b, p. 140

29. Fig. 5-13c, p. 140

30. Fig. 5-14, p. 141

31. Fig. 5-15, p. 141

32. Antarctic CaCO 3 accumulates above CCD Arctic CaCO 3 dissolves below CCD CCD “Marine snow” 4,500 meters Below CCD, water holds more CO 2, which results in more carbonic acid, which dissolves CaCO 3 faster.

33. Fig. 5-16a, p. 142

34. Fig. 5-16b, p. 142

35. Fig. 5-17a, p. 143

36. Fig. 5-17b, p. 143

37. Fig. 5-18a, p. 143

38. Fig. 5-18b, p. 143

39. Fig. 5-19, p. 144

40. Fig. 5-20, p. 145

41. Fig. 5-21a, p. 146

42. Fig. 5-21b-d, p. 146

43. Fig. 5-22a, p. 146

44. Fig. 5-22b-e, p. 146

45. Fig. 5-23a, p. 147

46. Fig. 5-23b, p. 147

47. Fig. 5-24, p. 147

48. Fig. 5-25, p. 148

49. Burst of air Hydrophone Sound reflects from the junctions between sub- bottom layers Bottom

50. Fig. 5-26, p. 149

51. Bonin Trough Jurassic and older? Early Cretaceous Eocene- Paleocene Mariana Trench Middle Cretaceous More than 136 Ma up to the Mariana Trench 136 Ma110 Ma88 Ma65 Ma38 Ma Present location of the East Pacific Rise 26 Ma 12 Ma

52. Fig. 5-27, p. 150