2. MESSANA 8 TH GRADE

3. 5.01 Interpret ways in which rocks, fossils, and ice cores record Earth's geologic history and the evolution of life including: Geologic Time Scale. 5.02 Correlate evolutionary theories and processes: Biological. Geological. 5.03 Examine evidence that the geologic evolution has had significant global impact including: Distribution of living things. Major geological events.

4. Unicellular: Single–cell; 1 cell Ex: Bacteria Multicellular: 2 or more cells Ex: Algae Mammals:

5.  When a LARGE # of species DIE out suddenly!  2 MAJOR ONES:  1) PERMIAN – 250 million yrs ago; End of the PALEOZOIC ERA; 90% of OCEAN LIFE died out  2) CRETACEOUS – 65 million yrs ago; End of the MESOZOIC ERA; DINOSAURS – extinct

8.  Dates: February 12th, 1831  Captain: Charles Darwin  Ship: H.M.S. Beagle  Destination: Voyage around the world.  Findings: evidence to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about how life changes over time

10.  EVOLUTION – Process through which SPECIES CHANGE over time due to a CHANGE IN GENETIC MATERIAL that is passed through GENERATIONS.

12. LAMARCK: (p 18B)  French  Animals ACQUIRED traits during their lifetime and passed them on to their OFFSPRING  EX: DARWIN: (p 19B)  British  NATURAL SELECTION – members of a species that are BEST SUITED to the ENVIRONMENT (nature) will survive & reproduce. SURVIVAL of the FITTEST!  4 principles to support  EX:  Beaks of Finches (Galapagos Islands)

14. 1) OVERPRODUCTION: EX : FISH EGGS; TURTLE EGGS When a plant or animal reproduces & it makes MORE OFFSPRING than what will actually SURVIVE & REPRODUCE 2) VARIATION: EX: BROWN EYES vs GREEN EYES There are NATURALLY occurring differences in traits due to DIFFERENT GENETIC MATERIAL, or due to MUTATIONS; variations get PASSED ON.

16. ADAPTATION: INHERITED TRAIT that gives an organism an “Advantage” in its environment over other members. EX: Move faster (cheetah); blend in (lions); camouflage (chameleon); shape of tail fin (fish) SELECTION: Organisms with an ADAPTATION will SURVIVE & REPRODUCE and PASS ON the ADAPTATION “SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST!”

17. Evolution of a NEW SPECIES from an old species, due to ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE “SPECIATION is due to ISOLATION!!! A1A2 2 populations of SAME SPECIES separated; can’t reproduce; differing mutations occur; each evolves – 2 DIFFERENT SPECIES “ISOLATION causes SPECIATION”

18. Generation that came BEFORE

19. Trace of an ORGAN that existed & was used by an ANCESTOR within the SPECIES …..BIOLOGICAL Similar Structures with DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS ….GENETIC – DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

23. And…… FLIES