1. Antonio Vivaldi b. March 4, 1678– Venice, Italy d. July 28, 1741—Vienna,

2. BIO Born in Venice 1678 to father Giovanni Battista, a violinist at St. Mark’s Basilica Started his studies in 1693 and ordained in the priesthood in March of 1703 where he was nicknamed “il Prete Rosso” (the Red Priest) 1703, he also became maestro di violino (master of the violin) at the Ospedale della Pieta (Devout Hospital of Mercy) orphanage in Venice He became the maestro di concerti in 1716 and maestro di cappella at the court of prince Phillip of hesse-Darmstadt of Mantua in 1735 Instrumental Compositions: over 500 concertos and sonatas (230 for violin, 350 for solo and strings), 40 operas, 40 cantatas and motets Vocal Works: 3 oratorios, 1 complete mass, several mass movements, 30 psalm settings, and 1 Magnificat

3. MAJOR WORKS Instrumental: 1.Four Seasons 2.Stabat Mater RV621 for alto and strings Choral/Vocal 1.Juditha triumphans 2.Mass movements: 2 settings of the Gloria, a Credo, and a Kyrie 3.Psalm settings: Laetatus sum, Laudate Dominum, and In exitu Israel

4. Other SACRED WORKS Beatus vir RV597 (Psalm 112) Beatus vir RV598 (Psalm 112) Dixit Dominus RV594 (Psalm 110) Lauda Jerusalem RV609 (Psalm 148) Laetatus sum RV607 (Psalm 122) Laudate Dominum RV606 (Psalm 117) In exitu Israel RV604 (Psalm 114) Credidi propter RV605 (Psalm 116) Confitebor RV596 (Psalm 111) Magnificat RV610a Magnificat RV610b

5. OPERAS Ottone in villa (1713)– Garzerie Theater in Vicenza Orlando finto pazzo (1714)-- Teatro Sant’ Angelo in Venice Nerone fatto Cesare (1715)-- music compilation of 7 composers containing 11 arias Oratorios: Juditha triumphans La constanza trionfante Farnace Tito Manlio La Silvia (pastoral drama)

6. The Four Seasons Le quattro stagioni (The Four seasons)– a great example of program music Four violin concertos depicting scenes for each of the four seasons The Spring concerto is borrowed from Vivaldi’s opera Il Giustino They were published as the first four concerti in a collection of twelve published by Le Cene (1725) in Amsterdam– il cimento dell’armonia e dell’inventione, op. 8 (The contest between Harmony and Invention)

7. Vivaldi’s Gloria RV589 SATB Very popular, one of the most well-known pieces There are two known surviving Gloria(s) and the possibility of a third is very high 12 movements (only 8 are choral movements) Solo and duet movements for soprano and alto voice parts

8. Juditha triumphans One of his three oratorios The title translates to Judith Triumphant The oratorio is based on the biblical account of Judith slaying Holofernes but much of the text refers to the 7 year long war between Venice and Turkey ending in 1716 The entire work was written solely for female voices, so it is thought that this piece was composed to be performed by the Venetian orphanage Vivaldi was associated with.