1. Naming and Identifying Acids and Bases

2. Naming Acids that contain Hydrogen
The symbol for hydrogen, H, tends to appear on the either the left or the right hand side of a formula of an acid
Example: HCl (aq) – hydrochloric acid
The organic acid group: -COOH has hydrogen on the right, such as acetic acid – CH3COOH(aq)

3. Naming Acids than contain Oxygen
Follow a different naming system based on the name of the anion
If the anion ends in “-ate,” then the name of the acid that is derived from it ends in “-ic”
Example: H2SO4(aq) contains the sulfate anion (SO42-), an anion whose name ends in the suffix “-ate”
In this case the acid’s name begins with “sulfur” (the first element of the anion) and ends with “-ic”
It is called sulfuric acid
Name H3PO4(aq) and HNO3(aq)

4. Recognizing bases by their formulas
The presence of the hydroxide ion (OH-) with a metal ion or the ammonium ion usually indicates that a substance is basic
Example: NaOH(s) forms a base when dissolved in water
Consider any compound with high solubility and OH on the right side of the formula to be a base

5. Common Bases Base Name Common Name NaOH(s) Sodium hydroxide
Caustic soda
KOH(s)
Potassium hydroxide
Caustic potash
NH4OH(aq)
Ammonium hydroxide
Ammonia solution
Ca(OH)2(s)
Calcium hydroxide
Slaked lime
Mg(OH)2(s)
Magnesium hydroxide
Milk of magnesia
Al(OH)3(s)
Aluminium hydroxide -

6. Acids and Bases in the Home
Bases are excellent at dissolving and dislodging oil and grease and at being an oxidizing agent (has the ability to break down stains into colorless compounds)
Shampoos are slightly acidic so they do not strip out oils in you scalp and hair

7. Neutralization
When acids and bases react together, both acidic and basic properties disappear
This is neutralization
Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and base that produces water and a compound called a salt
Example: ammonia on a bee sting (methanioc acid)