1. Expansion and Diversity The Rise of Colonial America Chapter 3: The Middle Colonies

2. Middle Colonies: NY,NJ, DE, PA

3. A. Characteristics 1. Multi ethnic 2.Good land for farming: “ Bread Basket ” 3.Less aristocratic then New England and the Southern Colonies except for New York 4.Large Middle Class 5.Population more ethnically diverse: English, German and Dutch

4. 6. Economy a. Trade b. Shipping c. Shipbuilding d. Lumbering e. Industry (less than in New England)

5. 7. Religiously tollerant a.NY Huguenots b.NJ Presbyterians c.PA Quakers

6. B. New Netherlands and New Sweden

7. 1. New Netherlands' a.Found in 1623 by Peter Minuit b.Established by the Dutch West India company for quick profit in the fur trade c.Manhattan Island- bough for $30 from the local Indians

8. 2. New Amsterdam a.Ran by the Dutch West India Company b.Very intolerant c. Patroonship: aristocratic structure much like that of European feudalism d.By the 1640’s 18 different languages were spoken in the city e.Native Americas i. Attacked the city in retaliation to Dutch Violence ii.Built a wall to fortify the city ( Wall Street )

9. 3. New Sweden a. Swedes trespassed on Dutch lands to establish heir settlement between 1638-1655 b.1655 Dutch forces led by Peter Stuyvesant ended the Swedes rule and absorbed the Colony into New Amsterdam c. 1664 Charles II removed the Dutch from New Netherlands and gave his Brother the Duke of York the Colony

10. C. New York 1. New Netherlands was renamed 2.New York Chapter of Liberties a.Gave religious freedom to all Christians and the right to vote to all landowners b.Most of the land was in the hands of a few aristocracy 3.NY became a royal colony in 1685 4.Became a very profitable colony due to trade and agriculture

11. 5. Leislers Rebellion (1691) a.As Governor Leisler had given some land to the poor b.Removed from offices in 1691 by the British government c. Poor whites and farmers resisted the removal d.Revolt failed and Leisler was hanged e.Showed the disconnect between the wealthy land owning aristocracy and the common farmers

12. D. New Jersey 1.Started in 1664 as a Quaker settlement 2.2 proprietors received the land from the Duke of York 3. 1702 both Jerseys were combined into a Royal Colony

13. E. Pennsylvania 1.Settled by William Penn a.Given a land grant by the King in exchange or money that was owed to his father Haven for Quakers b. Holy Experiment : liberal ideas with religious toleration among many Christian denominations 2.Best advertised Colony a.Generous land policies b. Attracted artisans : masons, carpenters, shoemakers ect.

14. 2. Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) a. Non-conformist, more radical then the Puritans o Refused to pay tithes to the Anglican Church i. No Oaths ii. Pacifists iii. No paid minister iv.No difference in authority figures b.Believed in an “ inner light ” i.All men were equal in Gods eyes ii.Persecuted in New England and other colonies for opposing authority iii.No church hierarchy

15. 3. Success a.All Sweds, Finns and Dutch became citizens b. Philadelphia a carefully planned city that would become the largest in North American c.Representative Government- land owning suffrage d.No tax supported church e.Freedom of Religion guaranteed f.No required military service g.Natives- purchase land =good relationship h.By 1700 PA was the 4th largest Colony

16. F. Delaware 1.Originally part of Pennsylvania 2.Large Quaker Population 3. Given is own assembly in 1703 4.Remained under the Governor of Pennsylvania until the Revolutionary War

17. II. Rivals for North America: France and Spain

18. A. France 1.French relations with native American enabled them to be successfu l in laying claim to much of North America 2.Established Quebec in 1608 a.Founded by Samuel de Champlain b.Befriended the Huron the enemy of the Iroquois c.French population grew slowly (6,000 in 1750) d. Government : No popularly elected assemblies or trial by jury 3.Beaver Trade 4.Jesuits and Ursuline a. Jesuites were priests b. Ursuline were nuns 5.Mississippi Region

20. B. Spain 1.New Mexico: the Pueblo Revolt 2.Florida and Texas

21. 1.French relations with native American enabled them to be successfu l in laying claim to much of North America 2.Established Quebec in 1608 1.Founded by Samuel de Champlain 2.Befriended the Huron the enemy of the Iroquois 3.French population grew slowly (6,000 in 1750) 4. Government : No popularly elected assemblies or trial by jury 3.Beaver Trade 4.Jesuits and Ursuline 1. Jesuites were priests 2. Ursuline were nuns 5.Mississippi Region