1. Third Crusade 1). What were the causes of the 3rd Crusade?
2). Who was involved on both sides?
3). Outcome?
Question: What were the causes for the failure of the 3rd Crusade for the Christians, and the ultimate outcome?

2. Saladin Tithe Saladin recaptures Jerusalem and Acre 1187.
Extra 10% tax on the people of Western Europe for the Crusade. Why?

4. Who?
Who was involved?
-Richard I of England -Phillip II Augustus of France
Frederick I (Barbarossa) the
Holy Roman Emperor
all finally leave by 1189
Saladin

7. The Crusade Barbarossa’s army is huge (can’t sail, has to walk)
Ends up drowning crossing a river on horseback. German army disperses despite Leopold
Richard, Phillip and the rest of the German army defeat Saladin at the Battle of Acre.
Phillip and Leopold leave b/c Richard is being difficult  slaughters 3,000 Muslims when Saladin is slow to pay.

9. Richard’s Fight
Richard wins battles but can’t keep momentum. Has to leave for home. Why?
Neither side can win decisive battle. Finally agrees to treaty
1192 Jerusalem stays in Muslim control but Christian pilgrims may visit unarmed and untouched. Legacy?

10. The Fourth Crusade
1198 Pope Innocent III calls for crusade, but not much interest. Why?
Crusaders become entangled in Venetian politics and are excommunicated.
Sack Constantinople in 1204
Drives two sects further apart and is the last nail for Byzantines.
EXEMPLIFIES ALL OF THE PROBLEMS OF THE CRUSADES FOR THE EUROPEANS WHY?

12. Children’s Crusade Impacted by earlier losses/embarrassment
1212 Boys led by Stephen Cloyes from France started walking to Jerusalem (possibly sold as slaves).

13. In this year occurred an outstanding thing and one much to be marveled at, for it is unheard of throughout the ages. About the time of Easter and Pentecost,4 without anyone having preached or called for it and prompted by I know not what spirit, many thousands of boys, ranging in age from six years to full maturity, left the plows or carts which they were driving, the flocks which they were pasturing, and anything else which they were doing. This they did despite the wishes of their parents, relatives, and friends who sought to make them draw back. Suddenly one ran after another to take the cross. Thus, by groups of twenty, or fifty, or a hundred, they put up banners and began to journey to Jerusalem. They were asked by many people on whose advice or at whose urging they had set out upon this path. They were asked especially since only a few years ago many kings, a great many dukes, and innumerable people in powerful companies had gone there and had returned with the business unfinished. The present groups, moreover, were still of tender years and were neither strong enough nor powerful enough to do anything. Everyone, therefore, accounted them foolish and imprudent for trying to do this. They briefly replied that they were equal to the Divine will in this matter and that, whatever God might wish to do with them, they would accept it willingly and with humble spirit. They thus made some little progress on their journey. Some were turned back at Metz, others at Piacenza, and others even at Rome. Still others got to Marseilles, but whether they crossed to the Holy Land or what their end was is uncertain. One thing is sure: that of the many thousands who rose up, only very few returned. Source:
Chronica Regiae Coloniensis Continuatio prima, s.a.1213, MGH SS XXIV 17-18, translated by James Brundage, The Crusades: A Documentary History, (Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 1962), 213

14. Outcome
Overall there were nearly 12 Crusades, with none successful
Emphasis shifts to money, and Jews at home.
Also, the breakdown of feudalism hastened by powerful kings.
Impact

15. Reconquista The “Reconquest” of Spain -from which group?
1140-Established Portugal
1300 – Control peninsula except for Grenada
Ferdinand and Isabella complete conquering of Spain by 1492.
Begin expelling Non-Christians

16. The Inquisition Spanish court to find heretics
By 1252 torture is used by the Church for gaining admission of sin.
By 1500’s Jews and Moors were expelled from Spain.