1. Spread of Chinese Civilization VietnamKoreaJapan

2. Spread of Chinese Civilization: The Basics… Tribute SystemTribute System BuddhismBuddhism SinificationSinification

3. Korea: Between China & Japan Middle Kingdom Vietnam Korea Japan

4. Independent, but… Korea filled with political rivalry Korea filled with political rivalry Koguryo, Paekae, Silla Koguryo, Paekae, Silla Tang & Silla (668-918) Tang & Silla (668-918) Koryo (918-1392) Koryo (918-1392) Long lived in shadow of China Long lived in shadow of China Han expansion Han expansion Buddhism Buddhism Settlers during Chinese weakness Settlers during Chinese weakness

5. Civilization for the Few Society & sinification dominated by elite Society & sinification dominated by elite Everyone oriented to service aristocrats Everyone oriented to service aristocrats Schooling Schooling Administrative techniques Administrative techniques Exam system bureaucrats – Elite only Exam system bureaucrats – Elite only Flexibility of women replaced Flexibility of women replaced Confucianism Confucianism Only Buddhism permeates masses Only Buddhism permeates masses

6. Effects Elite & legitimizing rule Elite & legitimizing rule Hangul Hangul 1392-1910: Yi 1392-1910: Yi Hermit Kingdom Hermit Kingdom

7. Vietnam: b/t China & SE Asia Middle Kingdom Vietnam Korea Japan

8. Conquest & Sinification Vassal in tribute system Vassal in tribute system Aware of China’s superiority Aware of China’s superiority Han & Tang expansion results in full incorporation by China (111 BCE-939 CE) Han & Tang expansion results in full incorporation by China (111 BCE-939 CE) Expected to assimilate “southern barbarians” Expected to assimilate “southern barbarians”

9. Elite & the Masses Vietnamese elite value some advantages of Sinification: Vietnamese elite value some advantages of Sinification: Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism Political & military organization Political & military organization But strong popular identity remains: But strong popular identity remains: Language Language Nuclear families Nuclear families Freedom of women Freedom of women Customs Customs

10. Effects Political resistance remains Political resistance remains Cross-class, cross-gender Cross-class, cross-gender Vietnam expands southward Vietnam expands southward Cultural influence remains Cultural influence remains Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven True exam system True exam system Buddhism Buddhism

11. Japan: Selective Borrowing Middle Kingdom Vietnam Korea Japan

12. Imperial Age 600-800 CE: Deliberate borrowing 600-800 CE: Deliberate borrowing Taika Reforms Taika Reforms Nara Period Nara Period Ultra-civilized Heian (Kyoto) Period Ultra-civilized Heian (Kyoto) Period

13. Feudal Age 857-1185: Transition 857-1185: Transition Attempts at centralization fail amidst powerful aristocrats (court & regional) Attempts at centralization fail amidst powerful aristocrats (court & regional) 1185-1600: Feudal Age of warfare 1185-1600: Feudal Age of warfare Daimyo/Bushi Daimyo/Bushi Samurai Samurai Bushido Bushido Peasants Peasants Merchants Merchants

14. In the end… Vietnam= most influenced by China Vietnam= most influenced by China Korea= most content to be China’s shadow Korea= most content to be China’s shadow Japan= most unique; parallels to western Europe Japan= most unique; parallels to western Europe