1. Stephen Crane

2. Stephen Crane 1871-1900 The Red Badge of Courage is one of the first modern American novels.

3. Crane was born the youngest of 14 kids in 1871 in Newark, New Jersey He was an introspective, rebellious young man who thirsted for adventure in spite of frequent illnesses Though he died at the age of 28 (TB), Crane left behind novels, stories, and poems that secured his place in the history of American literature

4. The events in this famous novel took place during the American Civil War, probably at the Battle of Chancellorsville, which was fought in May, 1863.the American Civil War The Battle of Chancellorsville, which is in northern Virginia

5. The Civil War formally began on April 12, 1861 President Lincoln issued a call for volunteers to defend the Union and abolish slavery Each day, newspapers throughout the North and South were filled with the exciting details of the battles Union and Confederate forces were unprepared for a long war; the armies were poorly trained, and discipline was weak About one million men were wounded, and more than 500,000 died, either from battle wounds or disease

6. During the 1860’s, conventional beliefs held that a young man’s character was best tested in war. The battlefield demanded patriotism, bravery, obedience, and faith. Crane explored the theme of character development as a result of war experiences, but he treated the theme critically, using the methods of realism and naturalism.

7. Naturalistic authors were influenced by the evolution theory of Charles Darwin; To use detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character; To replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may be highly symbolic, idealistic, even supernatural.

8. Naturalism is the outgrowth of realism. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces influencing the actions of its subjects. Literary naturalists reject the notion of free will and see humans as controlled primarily by instinct, emotion, and (occasionally) cultural conditions.

9. to depict reality as it was to present an authentic personal vision of the world. The Red Badge of Courage combines observant reporting of details with the revelation of the forces at work within and around the novel’s protagonist, Henry Fleming.

10. Interpretation into details Images Theme Writing Feature

11. What does the red badge of courage refer to? Who is narrating the story? Who is the protagonist? Which type of POV does the novel fall into? What is mainly being depicted in chapter 24? (A charge, retreat, or something else?) What sense of feeling towards war revealed in this part? What is the protagonist’s action in this part?

12. What does “this vision of cruelty brooded over him” most probably refer to? (P 189) “He” found that … his “earlier gospels”, …that he now despised them. He now despised his early eager pursuit of glory and fame. (P 108)T/F This is a happy ending story because the protagonist’s regiment won at last. T/F

13. Red badge of courage Scars faded as flowers Weather Color Animal animal of beast domestic poultry

14. Coming of age of young soldier Henry Fleming Former gospel (blind irrational belief) Anxiety and escapade from bloody battle Renewed conception towards fear, bravery, brotherhood, patriotism, and glory.

15. Amalgamation of realism and naturalism Application of impressionism Of featured language Unrestrained poetic expressions of protagonist In respect of characters’ dialogue, Crane utilized the 1860’s Civil War vernacular; almost all written in slang format.

16. Crane was a realist in his determination to write honestly about life as he saw it Crane saw nature as indifferent to human beings and viewed individuals as a mixture of good and bad qualities Crane used details that illustrate the senselessness and brutality of war, the horror of death, and human weaknesses such as false pride and selfishness Crane did not glorify heroism in battle

17. A term drawn from Impressionism painting.Impressionism painting As for literary impressionism, it is a genre very similar to psychological realism, presenting things as they seem or they are sensed, not as they actually appear. In the Red Badge of Courage, we are given accurate portrayals of Henry’s thoughts and inner conflict, which is ultimately more important to the story than the simple facts of the battle depiction.

18. The painting is not about what the water lilies look like, rather it’s about what the painter feels when he looks at them. The painter’s mood comes through the viewer via the painting work.

19. Earnest Hemingway Introduction Indian Camp (Page 198)