1. WBC and Differential measurement
The XE-2100
WBC and Differential measurement

2. Principles of cell detection
Wbc and differential counts are determined using:
Flow Cytometry Method
Semiconductor Laser.
Blood cell information is obtained using:
Forward light scatter
Lateral light scatter
Lateral fluorescent light

3. Optics

4. Specific Measurements

5. The Stain • Staining Reagent: – Polymethine Dye (Group of staining
reagents):
X = O, S, Se, N-alkyl or
C(Ch 3 ) n R
1,2
= alkyl (1-6C) ; R
3,4
= Alkyl, Methoxy or NO
n = 0-1

6. The Wavelength
The new stain opens up the possibility of using a different laser wavelength on a compact laser system with little need of increases in power
 = 633nm
Red laser beam

7. Methodologies

8. WBC/BASO Channel
Blood sample is aspirated, diluted to a ratio of 1:50 with STOMATOLYSER-FB.
Diluted sample is sent to WBC/BASO detection chamber.
In this channel, forward and side scatter signals are used to derive the WBC and BASO count.

9. Measurements Forward Scatter - Measurement of size
Side Scatter - Measurement of internal structure i.e size of nucleus

10. The WBC/BASO Channel
Lysing
Surfactant
BASO
Other
WBC
RBC

11. WBC/BASO Scattergram

12. WBC Classification
Blood sample is aspirated and diluted with: STOMATOLYSER-4DL and STOMATOLYSER -4DS.
Diluted sample is sent to the detector chamber
Cells are classified according to side scatter and fluorescence signals in the Diff channel.

13. Measurements Side scatter - measurement of internal structure.
Fluorescence - measurement of nucleic acid content.

14. The DIFF Channel Abnormal Lymph/ Lymphoblast 1.Lysing 2.Staining
High Fluorescence
Intensity
High Fluorescence
Low Fluorescence
Blast, I.G.
Normal Cell
STROM-4DL
STROM-4DS
Lysing surfactant
Polymethine
Dye
+Organic Acid

15. Diff Scattergram

16. Neutrophil Count This is a calculated parameter # Neut =
Neut/Baso count(diff channel) - Baso count (WBC/Baso channel)

17. IMI Channel
discriminates between immature and mature white blood cells.
Detection is performed using RF/DC detection method.

18. Methodology
Blood is aspirated and diluted to a ratio of 1:250 with STOMATOLYSER-IM.
Diluted sample is sent to the IMI detector for analysis.
A two-dimensional distribution of cell size and cell structure is drawn according to RF/DC detection method.

19. Measurements Direct current - measurement of cell volume
Radio frequency - measurement of internal cell structure.

20. IMI Scattergram
Platelet
Clumps

21. ACAS & Advanced Discrimination

22. Adaptive Cluster Analysis System
Cells are classified by the process of cluster analysis which is based on learning algorithms.
(An astronomical technique!)
This allows optimal adaptation to biological differences between samples including abnormal cells

23. Advanced Discrimination
DIFF-CH
WBC/BASO-CH
150+-1
Gst/NLME
Bas/NLME
NLME:WBC except BASO
Ly/Ne2
Ly/Mo2
150+-1
Mo/Eo
Ly/Mo1
Mo/NE
Ly/Ne1
Ne/Eo
Ly/Ba
Ly/Gst
Ba/Gst
Ne/Gst

24. Extended ACAS Principle
High adaptation to individual changes
Moving clusters
Moving discriminators
Enhanced separation in abnormal cases
Low “Vote Out” rate