1. Do Now: Forestry multiple choice quiz. 13 questions 10 minutes Remember: -underline the stem - look for umbrella terms - eliminate absolute statements Good Luck!

2. Aim: How Should We Manage and Sustain Grasslands?

3. What is a Grassland? A large open area of country covered with grass. Two types: Rangelands and Pastures

4. Rangelands Unfenced grasslands in temperate and tropical climates that provide forage for animals

5. Pastures Managed grasslands and fenced meadows used for grazing livestock

6. Do you understand? What is the difference between a rangeland and a pasture?

7. Ecological Services of Grasslands Soil formation Erosion control Nutrient cycling Storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide in biomass Maintenance of diversity

8. Some Rangelands are Overgrazed Overgrazing of rangelands Reduces grass cover Leads to erosion of soil by water and wind Soil becomes compacted Enhances invasion of plant species that cattle won’t eat

9. Natural Capital Degradation: Overgrazed and Lightly Grazed Rangeland Fig. 10-20, p. 234

10. Pause…Think…Write… Explain how overgrazing is an example of the tragedy of the commons. Support your answer with an example.

11. Read A Loud The Malpai Borderlands - Arizona-New Mexico border - Management success story

12. Natural Capital Restoration: San Pedro River in Arizona Fig. 10-21, p. 235 1980’s 1990’s

13. Pause…Think…Discuss With your table come up with three ways to reduce overgrazing and use rangelands more sustainably. Use evidence from the case studies to support your answer.

14. We Can Manage Rangelands More Sustainably Rotational grazing Replant barren areas Apply fertilizer Reduce soil erosion Suppress growth of invasive species Herbicides Mechanical removal Controlled burning Controlled short-term trampling

15. Case Study: Grazing and Urban Development the American West American southwest population surge since 1980 Land trust groups: conservation easements Reduce the harmful environmental impact of herds Rotate cattle away from riparian areas Use less fertilizers and pesticides Operate ranch more economically and sustainably

16. Summary: If we fail to protect a much larger percentage of the world’s remaining grasslands, describe three harmful effects that this is likely to have on any children and grandchildren you might have.