1. R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD
The Pharynx
R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD

3. Four Layers Mucous membrane Pharyngobasilar fascia Muscle layer
Buccopharyngeal fascia

4. Muscles
Inner longitudinal: stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus
Outer circular layer: pharyngeal constrictors

5. Stylopharyngeus

6. Constrictor Attachments
SPC: hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, mylohyoid line, pharyngeal tubercle (insertion)
MPC: > and < cornu of hyoid, stylohyoid ligament
IPC: thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage (cricopharyngeus)

9. Superior Constrictor

11. Nerves Motor IX (stylopharyngeus), X
Sensory: V2 superior to Eustachian tube, IX between ET and laryngeal inlet, and X inferior to laryngeal inlet
Pharyngeal plexus: Ph. Branch of X-SVE, Ph. Branch of IX-GVA, Ph. Branch of Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion (GVE)

12. Arteries, Veins, Lymphatics
Ascending pharyngeal, superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Pharyngeal venous plexus drains into IJ
Lymph into retropharyngeal and superior deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric primarily for palatine tonsil)

13. Waldeyer’s ring (German anatomist, 1836-1921)

14. Nasopharynx
Borders: skull base, soft palate, left and right nasal choana, C1-C2

15. Nasopharynx (Base-C2) Eustachian tube Torus tubarius
Salpingopalatine fold
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Pharyngeal recess
Pharyngeal tonsil
Tubal tonsil
Torus levatorius

17. Oropharynx
Borders: soft palate, oropharyngeal isthmus, epiglottis, C2-C3

18. Oropharynx Palatoglossal arch Palatopharyngeal arch- Passavant’s ridge
Palatine, lingual tonsils IX
Stylohyoid ligament

21. Laryngopharynx
Borders: epiglottis, cricoid cartilage, larynx, C3(4) -C6

22. Laryngopharynx