1. STI’s Sexually Transmitted Infections http://kildare.ie/outreach/images/side-image-sex.jpg

2. What are STI’s?  Infections that are commonly passed from one partner to another through some form of sexual activity  They are more commonly known as sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s), and up until ~1990 were known as venereal diseases

3. How are STI’s contracted? 1.Contact of infected semen or vaginal fluids to mucosal surfaces (e.g., the male urethra, the vagina or cervix) Examples include: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis Two Common Ways: 2.Contact with infected skin or mucosal surfaces Examples include: genital herpes, syphilis, chancroid, and human papillomavirus http://www.cec.gov/nchstp/od/latex.htm

4. In other words… you can get an STI simply by touching infected skin!

5. Here’s a popular crew of STI’s to stay away from…  Chlamydia  Crabs  Gonorrhea  Herpes  HPV  Trichomoniasis  Syphilis Now let’s meet some of these not-so-friendly STI’s!

6. Hi… I’m Chlamydia  I’m a curable infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.  You can catch me during vaginal, anal, and even oral sex!  Sometimes, you won’t even know I’ve arrived; most women and men don’t experience symptoms, and if they do, they usually occur 1 to 3 weeks afterwards. biology.kenyon.edu/.../ chlamydia/chlamydia.jpg http://www.checkyoself.20m.com/photo5.html

7. Hi… I’m Chlamydia (cont.)  You can find me by means of a urine test or by taking a specimen from the infected area.  If you don’t get rid of me, I can cause some major complications, including infertility.  I can be transmitted even if the penis or tongue does not enter the vagina, mouth, or rectum. Your best bet for avoiding me, if you’re sexually active, is to use a condom…correctly! www.euromed.uk.com/ images/chlamydia.jpg http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_chlamydia_facts.cfm

8. Hello there, we’re the crabs!  We, the crabs (aka pubic lice), are small parasites that feed on human blood.  You can find us on pubic hair, or wherever you have coarse hair (i.e., armpits, eyelashes, and facial hair). We’re not too fond of head hair though. www.phobros.com/ tim/pictures/crabs11.gif  We crawl from the pubic hair of one person to another…we don’t require penetration or exchange of body fluids to be transmitted. http://www.becomehealthynow.com/conditions/images/lice.jpg

9. Hello there, we’re the crabs! (cont.)  If we make you our host, you’ll be very itchy.  The only way to avoid us is to avoid contact with infested people, bed linens, clothing, and furniture.  Once we leave our human host, we can live for 24 hours, so we can crawl on you from infested bedding or clothing.  Latex condoms don’t work on us… haha! http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_crabs_facts.cfm http://herpes-coldsores.com/std/pubic_lice_pictures.htm

10. Meet Gonorrhea  I’m also a curable infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoea.  I’m transmitted during vaginal, anal, and oral sex.  Many men infected with gonorrhea show symptoms; most women don’t.  In men, symptoms usually appear within a possible range of 1 to 30 days.

11. Meet Gonorrhea (cont.)  Since symptoms may not be present, the only way to know if one has contracted me is to be tested, either by a urine test or by taking a specimen from the infected area.  I can be transmitted even if the penis or tongue does not enter the vagina, mouth or rectum. Latex condoms are a good thing to use to avoid me. http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_gonnorhea_fact.cfm http://www.mindfully.org/Farm/Green-Revolution-Gonorrhea.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea

12. And Herpes…  Symptoms include areas of red and sensitive skin where blisters and bumps may soon appear. After the blisters open, they then heal as new skin tissue forms.  Once you have me, you can’t get rid of me.  I’m an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.  I’m estimated to be present in 50 to 60 percent of the American population. http://www.nature.com/news/2001/010906/images/virus1_160.jpg http://www.dermatology.svhm.org.au/Primary%20School/Graphics/herpes%202.jpg http://www.microbes-edu.org/etudiant/imgderm/45-herpes-genital-1.jpg

13. And, of course, HPV…  I, the human papillomavirus, have more than 100 different strains. More than 30 of these are sexually transmitted and can affect the genitals of both men and women.  Most infected individuals will not have any symptoms and will clear the infection on their own.  A BIG problem with me is that I may lead to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis. http://www.cdcnpin.org/images/HPV.jpg

14. HPV (cont.)  Most people infected by me don’t even know it. I live in the skin or mucous membranes and usually cause no symptoms. Some people do get visible warts, however.  Most women are diagnosed with HPV on the basis of abnormal Pap tests. http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm A Pap test is the primary cancer-screening tool for cervical cancer.  Unfortunately for you, no HPV tests are available for men.  There is no “cure” for me. http://www.inca.gov.br/cancer/imagens/hpv_fig2.jpg

15. Trichomoniasis http://www.checkyoself.20m.com/images/ trichomoniasis.jpg I am caused by the single-celled protozoan known as Trichomonas vaginalis. Symptoms typically begin anywhere from 5-28 days after I set up shop inside the body. Symptoms of my presence include: lower abdominal pain, yellow-green discharge, painful urination, and irritation of the genitalia.

16. Trichomoniasis (cont.)  I’m so sneaky that often the only way to diagnose me is through lab tests (in additional to a physical examination)  However, I am easily defeated by the drug, metronidazole (given by mouth in a one dose).  I can contribute to early pregnancy and low-birth weight when my host gives birth. http://www.sexually-transmitted- diseases.info/images/std_trichomoniasis.jpg

17. Syphilis http://www.checkyoself.20m.com/image s/syphilis.jpg I begin as a painless sore on the penis/vagina, anus, or mouth I am caused by the bacterium, Treponema pallidum. Lucky for me, I can stay inside the body for years without producing any symptoms that would indicate my presence.

18. Syphilis (Cont.)  When I do cause symptoms, however, they are typically in the form of sores, skin rash, or lesions  I am able to infect when one person comes into direct contact with my sores on another person (primarily through sexual contact).  If I get lucky enough to infect a woman who gets pregnant, I can even get passed down to the baby. http://euclid.dne.wvfibernet.net/~jvg/Bio208/ Urogen_pix/syph1_Utex.jpg http://www.emedicine.com/derm/ima ges/411secondary.jpg

19. Syphilis (Cont.)  I make it easier to transmit and acquire HIV.  I can be diagnosed by looking at material from one of my sores under a dark-field microscope, or by a blood test.  Antibiotics typically get rid of me (Penicillin being the most commonly used). http://www.primer.ru/std/gallery_std/images/treponem a0.JPG

20. Prevention?  Practicing abstinence is the BEST and only truly effective method of preventing against sexually transmitted infections. http://i15.photobucket.com/albums/a3 56/eroque/General_NoCondomNoSe x.jpg

21. Prevention (Cont.)  To significantly lower your risk, you should: - use a condom EVERY time you have sex (including anal and oral sex) - limit your number of sex partners - have your partner tested for an STI - look for signs/symptoms of an STI in your partner - not have sex with someone still receiving treatment for an STI - wash your genitalia with soap and water after sexual intercourse Be Smart. Be Safe. Be Informed. http://www.vpul.upenn.edu/ohe/library/Sexhealth/ news/condoms.jpg

22. References  http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm  http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_gonorrhea_fact. cfm http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_gonorrhea_fact. cfm  http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_crabs_facts.cfm http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_crabs_facts.cfm  http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_chlamydia_fact s.cfm http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_chlamydia_fact s.cfm  http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/latex.htm  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Std's *** Other references can be found throughout the presentation