1. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) 1 Hany H. Ammar LANE Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA, Cloud Computing: Benefits and Challenges A Key Note Presentation The 20 th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications ( ICCTA 2010), Alexandria, Egypt, October 24, 2010 بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله ، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله

2. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 2 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? –Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

3. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 3 What is Cloud Computing

4. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 4 What is Cloud Computing  Resource availability is a key factor to achieve prosperity of any society,  Particularly important are computing resources  To attain their full potential, computing resources need to be efficiently utilized preferably in an aggregated manner.  The demand for computing resources can now be met by utility computing, grid computing, and most recently cloud computing.

5. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 5 What is Cloud Computing Utility Computing  Utility computing providers rent capacity on computing resources that they maintain  Metered computing: analogous to electric power (Pay per use)  Resources often virtualized and shared by multiple tenants  Example: Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (estimated $60 USD/Month for one EC2 Instance for 24hrs/day-7days/week). Pay per use option  Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) web service provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud  Designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers.

6. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 6 What is Cloud Computing Utility versus Cloud computing  Cloud computing not only provides raw computing resources, but also hosts the applications that use these resources.  Applications usually accessed via a web browser.  User data typically stored on provider's file systems.  Underlying computing infrastructure concealed from user.  Example: gmail servers are concealed from users  Cloud Computing middleware systems are available for building clouds and their applications (e.g., Eucalyptus and Hadoop)

7. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 7 What is Cloud Computing Cluster and Grid Computing  A cluster is a collection of tightly coupled computing servers.  Usually co-located.  A computing grid is a distributed collection of computing servers.  While the servers may be dedicated resources, they could be borrowed from idle desktop computers.  A grid middleware system is needed to support the development and assessment of service-oriented grid systems and applications (e.g., CROWN-C) http://www.wrgrid.org.uk/Resources/Leaflets/WRG_COLAB_Sept2007.pdf

8. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 8 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

9. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 9 Example: University of Florida Campus Grid

10. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 10 Example: University of California Campus Grid

11. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 11 What is Cloud Computing Grid and Community Computing  Community computing projects assemble a grid of donated CPU resources using volunteers idle cycles  Example: The BOINC software by UC Berkley is an Open- source software for volunteer computing and grid computing.volunteer computinggrid computing  BOINC lets you donate your idle computer time to science projects like SETI@home, Climateprediction.net, Rosetta@home, Folding@home, World Community Grid, and many, Folding@home ( http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php ) http://boinc.berkeley.edu/download.php  Uses Screensavers (windows) or low-priority process (linux)

12. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 12 What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing  Resource Sharing:  Grid enhances fair sharing of resources across organization.  Cloud provide resources according to demand so no actual sharing of resources due to the isolation through virtualization  Virtualization:  Grid: virtualization covers both data and resources (flat file and database).  Cloud adds virtualization for hardware resources too  Security:  Grid: security is not seriously explored.  Cloud: Each user has a unique access to the virtualized environment

13. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 13 What is Cloud Computing Grid and Cloud Computing  Usability:  Clouds are easily usable hiding the deployment details from the user.  Grid: hard to manage  Payment model:  Cloud use pay- per use model.  Grid fixed rate per service.  Scalability  Both Grid and cloud deals with scalability  Heterogeneity:  Both cloud and grid support aggregation of heterogonous hardware and software.

14. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 14 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

15. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 15 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Cloud computing is a model that supports everything as a service (XaaS), e.g, the X changes to an I for, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Physical resource set (PRS): is hardware dependent or vendor dependent Virtual resource set (VRS): is built on top of PRS to run in multivendor cloud

16. Infrastructure-as-a-Service Providers Lenk et al, CLOUD’09, May 23, 2009, Vancouver, Canada The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) 16

17. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 17 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Platform as a service (PaaS): Java or.NET

18. Platform as a service Providers The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 18

19. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 19 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Software as a service (SaaS): e.g Gmail, Google Docs, Matlab,

20. Software-as-a-Service Providers. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 20

21. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 21 Benefits of Cloud Computing  Human as a service (HaaS): Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) is one of the suites of Amazon Web Services, a crowdsourcing marketplace that enables computer programs to coordinate the use of Human Intelligence to perform Tasks (HITs) which computers are unable to doAmazon Web Servicescrowdsourcing  Workers can work on-line and make money by choosing from thousands of posted HITs.  US-based CrowdFlower has introduced a cloud labor service that connects organizations searching for temporary workers to refugees in Kenya, The iPhone app helps a business outsource a basic task, such finding a phone number for marketing departments at various companies and entering them into a spread sheet. Workers in Kinya have completed 158,000 tasks, individuals earn as much as $28/week, 8 times what they get from typical jobs in a refugee camp”

22. Human-as-a-Service Providers The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 22 “In India Cloud Computing is projected to grow from a 50 Million industry in 2009 to a $15 Billion Industry in 2013” S. Greengard “Cloud Computing and Developing Nations,” Communications of the ACM, May 2010.

23. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 23 Benefits of Cloud Computing The Big Picture of the Cloud Layered Architecture Fig : Cloud Stack

24. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 24 Benefits of Cloud Computing  The Provided services in the Cloud are the following:  Virtualized physical resources,  Virtualized infrastructure,  Virtualized middleware platforms  Virtualized business applications  Cloud computing reduces the need for advanced hardware on the clients side  Clients can use inexpensive small Net Books and virtually have the processing power of an expandable Grid computing system  No need to buy a set of software or software licenses  Data is no longer confined to the user's hard drive, will be able to access data and applications from anywhere at any time. There is no more lost data due to hard drive failures  Corporations would save money on IT support, and No need for space to house expensive hardware and software servers.

25. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 25 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

26. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 26 Challenges of Cloud Computing  Providing Support for both Service Users and Service Providers

27. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 27 Challenges of Cloud Computing  Service Providers: Development Services, or Build and Test Services,  Software Engineering Methodologies and tools  How to manage clouds for Application Lifecycle Management  The Cloud manager can limit projects to certain clouds, control costs, manage security, or supplement resources during peak use  Service Users: easily usable clouds, hiding the deployment details from the user using virtualization,  Security and privacy are the biggest concerns  Cost accounting data, and usage tracking for Multiple Clouds. “if the utility models were adequate, the challenges to cloud Computing could be solved with electricity-like solutions, but they can not” Brynjolfsson et al, Communications of the ACM, May 2010

28. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 28 Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Workflow, Challenges at all three levels

29. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 29 Challenges of Cloud Computing: Build and Test Tasks Require complex environments

30. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 30 Challenges of Cloud Computing Model-Driven Design Interdisciplinary Development teams: End-to-End Collaboration & Change Management Konstantinou et al propose an approach and architecture for composition and deployment of virtual software services in cloud environments. VTDC’09, June 15, 2009, Barcelona, Spain., ACM 978-1-60558-580-2/09/06

31. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 31 Challenges of Cloud Computing Cloud Management and Control

32. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 32 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for IaaS  Apache Hadoop: A Java software framework that supports data-intensive distributed applications and enables applications to work with thousands of nodes and large amounts of data. http://hadoop.apache.org/frameworkdistributed applications http://hadoop.apache.org/  Nimbus is an open-source toolkit that, once installed on a cluster, provides an infrastructure as a Service cloud to its client via WSRF-based or Amazon EC2 WSDL web service APIs, http://www.nimbusproject.org/open-sourceclusterinfrastructure as a Service cloudWSRFAmazon EC2 WSDLweb serviceAPIs

33. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 33 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support AbiCloud Supports SaaS http://abicloud.org/display/abiCloud/Home

34. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 34 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support enStratus Supports SaaS, ReliaCloud Supports IaaS  enStratus is a SaaS-based system for managing cloud infrastructures across multiple providersSaaS http://www.enstratus.com/  enStratus focuses on the deployment and ongoing management of transactional database applications in clouds like Amazon Web Services and ReliaCloud.ReliaCloud  The main features of enStratus include cloud security and availability management.  ReliaCloud provides virtual Servers deployed within a virtualization environment that is architected to maximize uptime and performance. http://www.reliacloud.com/

35. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 35 Challenges of Cloud Computing Examples of Current Support for PaaS and IaaS  Sun Cloud is an on-demand Cloud computing service operated by Sun Microsystems. The Sun Cloud Compute Utility provides access to a substantial computing resource over the Internet for US$1 per CPU-hour.Cloud computingSun MicrosystemsUS$  The Rackspace Cloud is a web application hosting/cloud platform provider ("Cloud Sites") that bills on a utility computing basis. It has branched out into cloud storage ("Cloud Files") and cloud infrastructure ("Cloud Servers"), http://www.rackspacecloud.com/web applicationhostingcloud platformutility computingcloud storagecloud infrastructure  Kaavo provides solutions for deploying and managing on-demand applications and workloads in the cloud. http://www.kaavo.com/home

36. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 36 OUTLINE What is Cloud Computing ? Examples of Campus Clouds Benefits of Cloud Computing, –What can we do with Cloud Computing? Challenges of Cloud Computing Making the case for Campus Clouds Conclusions

37. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 37 Making the case for Campus Clouds  College Campuses maintain significant Infrastructure of computing resources in computing Labs  This infrastructure is under utilized (many students use laptops and Net Books)  Service Providers and Users are in need for inexpensive computing resources

38. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 38 Making the case for Campus Clouds  Developing IaaS Campus cloud project aggregating the computing resources of multiple college campuses would provide the following benefits:  Providing extra Revenue to colleges from service providers and businesses  Providing students with an environment for learning the concepts of cloud computing  Providing college systems maintenance team (professionals and students) with the experience of dealing with Cloud service providers and Cloud users  Provides stronger ties between academia and industry  Motivates the Industry to invest in academic computing resources  Academic research will benefit from Campus clouds

39. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 39 Conclusions  Cloud computing has emerged to provide inexpensive on-demand pay per use computing resources  Cloud computing is closely related to grid computing and utility computing.  Software Engineering Methodologies and tools are needed for cloud developers (Cloud-based Service- Oriented Engineering)  Security and privacy are the biggest concerns of cloud computing users and developers  Campus Clouds can bring revenue for computing resources, enhance student learning, strengthen ties with Industry, and enhance academic research.

40. The 20th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA 2010) http://iccta.aast.edu/index.php 40 وجزاكمُ اللهُ خيراً