1. DANIEL E. GOLDFARB Challenges in Brazil

2. Colonial Legacy  During colonialism in Brazil, colonists imported African slaves and developed a slave society.  segregation http://www.studygroup- bd.org/Slavery_clip_image001_0003.jpg

3. Other Possible Causes Foreign Debt Privatization http://thedoublethink.com/wp- content/uploads/2009/08/warning- challenges.jpg

4. Poverty and Quality of Life

5. The Situation 300 classifications of different races in Brazil. 45% of Brazil’s population consider themselves African American, and they are split into dark skinned and brown skinned. Existing prejudice: “today Brazilian newspapers are full of advertisements for jobs at private companies that call for a "good appearance," a phrase widely understood to mean that blacks should not apply.” ("Multiracial Brazil Planning Quotas for Blacks.“)

6. Brazilian Labor Market African descendants in Brazil join the labor market sooner, in rural areas, some begin to work during their childhood. 67.4% of the African descendants population are outside of the social security system and have uncertain employment. Racial and gender hierarchy from the income from work: white men, white women, black men, black women.

7. Widening Social Gap Brazilians that are African descendants have less access to higher education are sometimes put on different curriculums that are only for them. African descendants do not have the same access to health care which has been detrimental to those born with sickle cell disease and has also lead to a higher mortality rate among mothers of African descent.

8. Denial "One of the characteristics of Brazilian racism," he says, "is that the person can choose to be what she wants. 'Oh, I'm white, I'm not black.' Here, the darker you are, the more discrimination you suffer. And that makes it difficult for the blacks, from light to dark, to understand each other. The lighter- skinned blacks avoid the darker-skinned blacks because they don't want to suffer the same discrimination. It's hard for them to work together because of the degree of discrimination according to your color.“ - MV Bill

9. Television and Politics “Black Brazilians are almost invisible on television except in menial or exotic roles” ("Multiracial Brazil Planning Quotas for Blacks.“) Less than 5% of all public officials are Black Those that are better off in politics are negligent of the life outside their world and do not realized the situation.

10. Another Situation http://cache.daylife.co m/imageserve/03zA55 35qXc2c/610x.jpg http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp- srv/photo/gallery/090508/GAL-09May08- 2001/media/PHO-09May08-161233.jpg “March of the Excluded”

11. Land http://mentalfloss.cachefly.net/blogs/wp- content/uploads/2009/07/amazon_defore station.jpg

12. Works Cited Sources: Anonymous,. "Racism in Brazil Takes Many Hues." ProQuest 14.29 (2007): 26. Web. 9 Mar 2010.. Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 34, No. 6, African Descendants in Brazil (Jul., 2004), pp. 766-786 Rohter, Larry. "500 Years Later, Brazil Looks Its Past In The Face." The New York Times. 25 Apr 2000. The New York Times, Web. 5 Mar 2010.. Rohter, Larry. "Multiracial Brazil Planning Quotas for Blacks." The New York Times. 02 oct 2001. The New York Times, Web. 5 Mar 2010..