2. The Importance of Surface Area

3. Size as a limiting factor Within each cell there are a variety of molecules and organelles

4. Size as a limiting factor Cells are limited in size due to the surface area/volume ratio The larger the cell  the more energy it needs  the higher the rate of metabolism Higher metabolism  increased fuel needs However, due to increased size, the rate of diffusion is slower

5. Size as a limiting factor As cells increase in size, they become less efficient because the surface area/volume ratio decreases There are not enough doorways to transport the needed amount of molecules into the cell The molecules that enter the cell have too far to travel Your cells can’t wait 2 hours for ATP, they need it now!

6. Cell division Cells divide when they become too large to effectively carry out metabolic functions Smaller cells have the following advantages: Faster rate of diffusion & osmosis Adequate resources such as RNA Greater differentiation of jobs Faster travel (think sperm)

7. SA/V ratio not just limited to cell size brain small intestine mitochondria Oooooh! Form fits function!

8. Implications of the SA/V Factor Keeping cells smaller, keeps the rate of diffusion fast

9. Implications of the SA/V Factor Limiting size helps cell carry out life functions efficiently Cells can specialize Characteristics are designed for specific functions i.e. muscle cells with multiple mitochondria to carry out cellular respiration Multicellular organisms can show emergent properties Cells of the organism interact as a whole rather than individually Multicellular organisms often have cells organized into tissues, organs, and organ systems.

10. Any Questions??