1. The Evolution and classification of Plants
IAFNR Plant and Soil Sciences Module

2. Terms to Know
Taxonomy
the process or system of describing the way in which different living things are related by putting them in groups
Nomenclature
an international system of standardized New Latin names used in biology for kinds and groups of kinds of animals and plants

3. Evolution of plants
Earliest known life-form dated 3.5 Billion years ago
1 Billion years ago
Bacteria and blue-green algae
Fungi
400 Million years ago
Early land plants
350 Million years ago
Seed plants
120 Million years ago
Flowering plants
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4. Geographic location of plants
If you could choose anywhere in the world to live, where would you live?
What is the main reason you want to live there?

5. Geographic location of plants
Climate
Primary factor in plant distribution
Plants have individual adaptions and tolerance
Biomes
Large area occupying given climate zones with characteristics of vegetation and groups of animal species
Tropical Rainforest
Desert
Tundra
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6. Location Adaptations Dry Climates Cold Zones Xeromorphic features
Smaller, thicker leaves
Spines
Dense hairiness
Water Storage
Grow closer to ground
Protected growing points
Small, Needle-like leaves
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7. Role and uses of Plants Role of Plants Base of the food chain
Provides evidence of nutrient and energy cycling
Plant Uses
To eat
Industrial purposes
Medicinal
Oils
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8. Taxonomy
the process or system of describing the way in which different living things are related by putting them in groups
Different ways to classify plants
Phylogenetic—how they look
Environmental—where they grow
Agricultural—what use they are grown for
Morphological—how their structure compares to each other

9. Taxonomic Process and Ranks
Kingdom-Highest Classification Ranking (5)
Plantae-Plants
Animalia-Animals
Monera-Bacteria and Blue-Green Algae
Protista-All other Algae and Protozoans
Mycota-Fungi
Phylum-Second Classification Ranking
Plantae- Phylums are unranked
Classified by reproductive structure and Vascular structure
Class- Third Classification Ranking
Specific to plant structure and presence of/ kinds of seeds
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10. Subkingdoms Thallobionta Embryobionta Contains plants lacking
True roots
Stems
Leaves
Composed of 10 divisions of algae and fungi
Algae and Fungi no longer classified in Plantae Kingdom
Composed of two groups
Bryophyta
Vascular Plants

11. Bryophytes Non-Vascular Plants Simple structure
Lack true roots, stems, and leaves
Found in moist places or in water
Liverworts and mosses (see photo)
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12. Vascular plants Plants have true roots, stems, and leaves
Established vascular system
Xylem and phloem
Contains 7 divisions
3 represented by very few species
1 extinct
Only known in fossils
Polpodiophyta-Ferns
Pinophyta-Gymnosperms
Magnoliophyta-Angiosperms
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13. Spermatophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms Naked-Seeded Plants
Woody, perennial, and mostly evergreen plants
Reproductive organs
Cones or catkins with seeds uncovered
Flowers and Protected Seeds (in fruits)
Divisions of Class
Monocots
Dicots
Based on the numbers of cotyledons or seed leaves in the seed
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14. Classification Chart Project
Example Plant Classification Chart
app/#/
In your chart classify
1 Polypodiophyta
1 Gymnosperm
1 Angiosperm

15. References
Nomenclature. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2014, from webster.com/dictionary/nomenclature Parker, R. (2010). Plant and Soil Science: Fundamentals and Applications. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Taxonomy. (n.d.). Retrieved October 30, 2014, from webster.com/dictionary/taxonomy