1. DX University Bryce Canyon, UT – 2012

2. DX University – Visalia 2012 2 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Ethics: QSLing, Internet, Remote Operations Wayne Mills N7NG

3. DX University – Visalia 2012 3 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Pushing the Limits Finding DX Working it Confirming it

4. DX University – Visalia 2012 4 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG “Rules” for DXing are different from the rules of contesting. In DXing, YOU usually are the one who decides what is or is not acceptable.

5. DX University – Visalia 2012 5 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Finding DX Traditional Methods: Tuning for it Spotting Networks Other Methods: E-mail Telephone Skype

6. DX University – Visalia 2012 6 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG WORKING DX What constitutes a QSO?

7. DX University – Visalia 2012 7 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Confirmation data for two-way communications must include the call signs of both stations, the entity name as shown in the DXCC List, mode, date, time and band. DXCC Rules, Section I, Rule 4

8. DX University – Visalia 2012 8 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG With a pre-arranged sked, both parties already know the: Callsigns Date Time Frequency Mode What’s left to know?

9. DX University – Visalia 2012 9 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG From where must the QSO be made?

10. DX University – Visalia 2012 10 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG All stations must be contacted from the same DXCC entity. The location of any station shall be defined as the location of the transmitter. For the purposes of this award, remote operating points must be located within the same DXCC entity as the transmitter and receiver. DXCC Rules, Section I, Rule 9

11. DX University – Visalia 2012 11 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Who can make the QSO?

12. DX University – Visalia 2012 12 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG All contacts must be made using callsigns issued to the same station licensee. Contacts made by an operator other than the licensee must be made from a station owned and usually operated by the licensee and must be made in accordance with the regulations governing the license grant. Contacts may be made from other stations provided they are personally made by the licensee. The intent of this rule is to prohibit credit for contacts made for you by another operator from another location. You may combine confirmations from several callsigns held for credit to one DXCC award … DXCC Rules, Section I, Rule 10

13. DX University – Visalia 2012 13 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG QSL Cards and QSLing

14. DX University – Visalia 2012 14 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Written Proof: … Photocopies and electronically transmitted confirmations (including, but not limited to, fax and email) are not currently acceptable for DXCC purposes. Exception: Confirmations created and delivered by ARRL’s Logbook of the World program are acceptable for DXCC credit. DXCC Rules, Section I, Rule 2

15. DX University – Visalia 2012 15 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG All confirmations must be submitted exactly as received by the applicant. The submission of altered, forged, or otherwise invalid confirmations for DXCC credit may result in disqualification of the applicant and forfeiture of any right to DXCC membership. DXCC Rules, Section I, Rule 11

16. DX University – Visalia 2012 16 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG CONFIRMING CONTACTS Via Postal Direct Outer Envelope: No callsigns, Sealing Inner envelope: Your callsign, Folding, Sealant Return postage: IRCs, currency, stamps Your QSL: Easily readable, Your callsign, Info all on one side

17. DX University – Visalia 2012 17 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Via QSL Bureau Outgoing Bureau Incoming Bureau (Keep envelopes or – cash – on file) Time in transit Mass mailing of QSLs for all QSOs

18. DX University – Visalia 2012 18 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Via Traditional QSL Service Via Online QSL Request Service (OQRS) Request via bureau Request direct postal mail Include a contribution Via E-QSL Via Logbook of The World (LoTW) ARRL awards and CQ awards

19. DX University – Visalia 2012 19 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG

20. DX University – Visalia 2012 20 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG

21. DX University – Visalia 2012 21 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG A QSL is not merchandise for sale, but the final courtesy of a QSO (from the website of Paul Granger, F6EXV)

22. DX University – Visalia 2012 22 DXU – Bryce Canyon, UT 2012 Wayne Mills N7NG Contrary to popular belief in some quarters, a QSL card to confirm a QSO is not a "right". In the same vein GM3VLB does not consider it a requirement on his part to automatically reply to all QSL cards received. Were he to do so, the task would take up an inordinate amount of his already limited time. … It is arrogant to suggest that 'QSLing is the final courtesy of a QSO'. Is it not enough that someone has spent a lot of time and gone to a lot of expense getting equipped for portable operation, and perhaps travelling in severe sea/weather conditions, often making difficult landings, and operating in most uncomfortable surroundings? Is it then fair to expect that person to have thousands of cards printed at their own expense AND to also pay return postage? (from website of Andre Saunders, GM3VLB)