1. Are Sustainable Development Goals Global, National or Local?

2. Phnom Penh 1967 2015 LOGIN GA 8 – 10 Dec Discussion on Localizing the SDGs Patrick Duong Regional Programme Advisor Local Governance and Decentralization UNDP Regional Hub for Asia-Pacific

3. Phnom Penh 1967 2015 LOGIN GA 8 – 10 Dec This presentation will discuss: From MDGs to SDGs What are the SDGs? SDG priorities in Asia Who is responsible? Why is Local important? How can UNDP and LOGIN help?

4. MDGs: UN- led dialogues 8 Goals, 18 Targets and 48 Indicators Focus: Deprivation, Poor countries Basic services (and environment and inequalities partially addressed) Traditional development actors Started at National level, then localized Mainly funded with ODA MDGs data mainly Macro SDGs: Country-led consultations 17 Goals, 169 Targets and many indicators! Focus: Sustainable development: Universal Holistic approach: 3 pillars (Economic prosperity, Social equity and Environmental responsibility) Multi-stakeholder approach Local dimension recognized from the beginning Financing for development (all resources) Disaggregated SDG data (and M&E) recognized from the beginning (reduce inequalities within countries)

5. MDGs in Asia Pacific – significant progress yet significant deficits remain Asia-Pacific region is expected to meet 13 of 21 targets and made significant progress on two fronts: (i) Poverty reduced from 52% in 1990 to 15% in 2012. (ii) proportion of those without access to safe drinking water decreased from 28% to 7% during the period. However, the region has yet to do a lot for improving child and maternal health, among others. Source: Asia-Pacific Draft MDG Report 2015

7. SDG priorities for Asia from 7.4 million: Education, Health, Good Governance and Jobs

8. Data Source: UNDESA 2014 Asia-Pacific countries need to urgently harness the demographic dividend Several Asia-Pacific countries can now take advantage of a large labour supply and increase economic growth. But the window of this opportunity is limited. Providing necessary skills and creating jobs are necessary for harnessing this dividend.

9. Source: UNDESA, 2014 Out of 895 million of the old people in the world today, about 511 million (57%) are in A-P region. China and India share more than one-third of them. Ageing population could create revenue deficits and increase the welfare burden for governments. Asia-Pacific is also the home of largest number of the old people (60+) requiring additional care and support

10. POLITICAL VISION GOVERNANCE REFORMS Localizing the SDGs requires

11. POLITICAL VISION -Rethink development: How does it happens? In which society do we want to live? What do we do with natural resources? -Place SDGs at the core of public debates, agendas. -How can MPs, Political parties, Civil society, the Private sector and the informal sector help? -Build capacities for national/local Parliaments to review gov. progress & vote budgets inline with SDGs. -Reinforce Social compact and capacities for citizens to hold their Government accountable. Use technologies. -Create incentives for Private sector to be part of sustainable development: share resources, create jobs, promote Social protection, etc.). The SDGs are Political

12. GOVERNANCE REFORMS -Integrate SDGs in Policy, Planning and Budgeting. -Prioritize/sequence SDGs, improve policy coherence, reconsider systems (inter- connections). -Translate SDG national plan to cities and local governments (and define sub-national priorities). -Place People –and the most vulnerable ones- at the center of the process (leave no one behind). -Realign planning/budgeting cycle, enhance M&E and Big Data capacities, review Tax regimes. -Work with multi-stakeholders (Citizens, CBO, NGOs, private and the informal sector) and accelerate reforms (LGD and fiscal transfers). -Strengthen independent monitoring/oversight (Parliament, local citizens). The SDGs also require Governance reforms

13. Urbanization & Migration Financial risks Growing Demand Climate Change Natural Disasters Ethnic Tensions Can Cities respond to SDGs while facing new challenges?

14. Local Governance & Decentralization in Asia LG/Decentralization reforms are ‘unfinished’ and more a political agenda than a reality for the people. Social compact remains weak and there’s a disconnect between councilors and local administrations. Capacity gaps hinder service delivery. Fiscal transfers and local resources exist: but absorption capacities are low. ‘Whole-of- (local) government‘ is weak. Services are delivered in silo (de-concentrated). Local governments are not sufficiently recognized (beyond election periods) and empowered to drive their local development agenda. Elite capture and corruption remains high. The role of the private sector in service delivery is weak. Questions: Is the informal sector a challenge or opportunity (in a rapid urbanization context)? How can Multi-Dimension Poverty Assessments help better define local priorities?

15. The importance to localize development: Impact of localizing education spending on literacy rates J. Boex, 2015

16. The New Finance for Development context: It is not about shortage of Funds, but the need for an integrated approach to FfD Finance streams at local level: UNDP, ESCAP ABD, MDG AP report 2015 J. Boex, 2015 + Off Budget

17. New Finance for Development Reforms Voice Multi-stakeholder Partnership (Public, Private, Informal) Cities & Local Governments UNDP’s Local Governance + (LG Plus) approach in Asia-Pacific Functional assignment (Pakistan, Nepal) Governance reform (Solomon Islands) CD and orientations for new local councilors (Cambodia) CD for local procurement (India) Local Governance mapping (Myanmar) Municipal finance (PNG) Inclusive finance (Lao with UNCDF) Mobile technologies against corruption (PNG) Impact of Extractive Industries at local level (Mongolia) GBV integrated in local plans/budgets (Indonesia) Climate change adaptation in local plans (Nepal) Disaster risk reduction in local plans (Afghanistan) Local governance and human rights (Pakistan) Public-Private water governance (Philippines) Local grants (Solomon Islands) Innovation for local services (Lao) Multi-Dimension Poverty index (Vietnam) Planning Fin. Mgt Coordination M&E & Big data

18. The U.N MAPS framework Mainstreaming: Landing the SDG agenda at the national and local levels, including integration into national and sub-national plans for development and into budget allocations. Activities may include support for institutional coordination mechanisms, institutional capacity needs assessments, and stakeholder engagement strategies. Acceleration: Targeted support to sectors and regions where development has lagged, in line with UN Agencies' technical capacity and comparative advantage. Activities may include analysis and modeling to measure SDG policy impacts or forecasting tools to identify priority policies. Policy Support: Provision of advisory and policy support, for example, to development planning and capacity building; accessing, leveraging and delivering SDG financing; and strengthening monitoring and evaluation for advocacy, planning, and reporting.

19. Thank you for your attention. Patrick Duong Regional Programme Advisor Local Governance and Decentralization Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific Bangkok Regional Hub patrick.duong@undp.org http://asia-pacific.undp.org