1. Professional Writing and Research Skills Practicum in LPSCS

2. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Copyright and Terms of Service Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2015. These materials are copyrighted © and trademarked ™ as the property of the Texas Education Agency (TEA) and may not be reproduced without the express written permission of TEA, except under the following conditions: 1) Texas public school districts, charter schools, and Education Service Centers may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for the districts’ and schools’ educational use without obtaining permission from TEA. 2) Residents of the state of Texas may reproduce and use copies of the Materials and Related Materials for individual personal use only, without obtaining written permission of TEA. 3) Any portion reproduced must be reproduced in its entirety and remain unedited, unaltered and unchanged in any way. 4) No monetary charge can be made for the reproduced materials or any document containing them; however, a reasonable charge to cover only the cost of reproduction and distribution may be charged. Private entities or persons located in Texas that are not Texas public school districts, Texas Education Service Centers, or Texas charter schools or any entity, whether public or private, educational or non- educational, located outside the state of Texas MUST obtain written approval from TEA and will be required to enter into a license agreement that may involve the payment of a licensing fee or a royalty. Contact TEA Copyrights with any questions you may have.TEA Copyrights 2

3. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Steps in Developing a Research Paper Understand the Assignment – What ideas are you being asked to present? – Who is your audience? Select a Topic – Use books, encyclopedias, governmental websites, and/or the Internet – Discuss options and ideas with experts on the subject – Accept a topic defined by the person who assigns the paper 3

4. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Steps in Developing a Research Paper (continued) Gather Resources – From the Internet – From books – From journals – From magazines Create a Bibliography – Use the correct format – Use the correct style (e.g. MLA or APA) 4

5. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Steps in Developing a Research Paper (continued) Conduct Research – Evaluate the correctness of the information – Evaluate the credentials of the author – Evaluate how current the material is – Evaluate whether or not the material is based in opinion or fact – Evaluate the reliability of the authors 5

6. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Steps in Developing a Research Paper (continued) Develop an Outline – Clarify your ideas before writing the paper – Organize the order of your ideas Write the Rough Draft – In your words, write down the information – Transfer ideas in your outline into sentences and paragraphs – Get all of your ideas down on paper 6

7. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Steps in Developing a Research Paper (continued) Complete the Citations – Include citations within the paper – Use the appropriate format Modern Language Association (MLA) style American Psychology Association (APA) style Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) method 7

8. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Steps in Developing a Research Paper (continued) Revise and Edit – Read the rough draft – Rearrange your thoughts as needed – Take out any unnecessary information – Add any needed information Proofread – Read the paper aloud – Check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation 8

9. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Research Thorough and systematic investigation into a topic to discover or revise information about the topicdiscover Where to Gather Resources – Internet Conduct searches Check the reliability of information – Books Library or bookstore eBooks – Journals or magazines Library or bookstore Online 9

10. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Research (continued) Bibliography – A list of works compiled according to a common principle (i.e. authorship, subject, place of publication, or printer) – Use the appropriate format (e.g. MLA, APA, etc.) 10

11. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Writing Outline – A general sketch indicating only the main ideas – Use systematic numbering Rough draft – The first attempt at a piece of writing – Put in essay structure Citations within the paper – “The act of giving credit to an author or an authority or a precedent” – Avoid plagiarism 11

12. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Writing (continued) Revisions – Changing something that is already written – Improve the writing and the paper Proofread – Checking and documenting needed corrections in a text – Make it accurate 12

13. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Plagiarism Using the language and/or ideas of another author without permission and/or taking credit for another author’s work 13

14. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Plagiarism (continued) Give credit for – Direct quotation – Information coming from any type of media (e.g. book, magazine, website, movie, song, etc.) – Replications of visual material (e.g. charts, pictures, diagrams, etc.) – Information gathered from interviews – Online information – Anything that originates with someone else’s thought or ideas 14

15. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Plagiarism (continued Plagiarism (continued) Don’t give credit for – Common Knowledge Generally accepted facts (e.g. water freezes at 32 degrees Fahrenheit) Culturally accepted facts (e.g. national holidays) – Your own thoughts, ideas, experiences, opinions, etc. – Results gathered from your own experiments or lab work – Your own pictures, videos, or illustrations 15

16. Copyright © Texas Education Agency 2015. All rights reserved. Images and other multimedia content used with permission. Resources http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/s kill28.htm http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/s kill28.htm http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/ Do an Internet search for dictionary and key terms 16