1. Platyhelminthes Caitlin, Desarae, Josh

2. Symmetry ▪ Bilateral Symmetric ▪ Divide into equal halves "Classical Metaphysical Theory IX." Classical Metaphysical Theory IX. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015..

3. How do they move? ▪ Using layer of muscles ▪ Twist ▪ Turn ▪ Cilia ▪ Video: ▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMt7p7BQGTc#t=20 N.p., n.d. Web. <https://prezi.com/y7u7sgfs9kqf/planaria-under-the- sea/>.

4. Nervous System  Simple ▪ Two nerve cords ▪ Ganglia ▪ Brain cells ▪ Two eyespots ▪ Cephalization "Flatworms." Flatworm. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. <http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/Flatworm.html&gt ;.

5. Digestive System ▪ Two-way ▪ Same opening ▪ Gastrovascular Cavity ▪ Pharynx ▪ Throat "Digestive+system+of+a+platyhelminthes - Google Search." Digestive+system+of+a+platyhelminthes - Google Search. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. <https://www.google.com/search?q=digestive%2Bsystem%2Bof%2Ba %2Bplatyhelminthes&biw=1024&bih=506&source=lnms &tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAWoVChMIg5abp bChyAIVA4sNCh09aQ80#imgrc=Fnm9nx2xysR9kM%3A&gt ;.

6. Excretory System ▪ Flame Cell ▪ Collect excess water ▪ Osmosis ▪ Deal with water that enters ▪ Tubules "Phylum Platyhelminthes." Phylum Platyhelminthes. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. <http://www.slideshare.net/cyrasoreda/phylum- platyhelminthes-17332918>.

7. Circulatory System ▪ No formal system ▪ Diffusion ▪ Transport nutrients ▪ Pass oxygen "Platyhelminthes." CIRCULATORY SYSTEM. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. <http://circusystem.weebly.com/platyhelminthes.html>.

8. Respiratory System ▪ No formal system ▪ Diffusion ▪ Take in oxygen ▪ Integumentary exchange ▪ Small evolution ▪ Breathe through skin "Class Platyhelminthes." Class Platyhelminthes. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. <http://apbiokids.50webs.com/KAnimalia/KAnimaliaPlatyhelm inthes.html>.

9. Support or Skeletal System ▪ Absent ▪ Cilia and muscles to move ▪ Three layers ▪ Endoderm ▪ Mesoderm ▪ Ectoderm " Darwin's Galapagos." Platyhelminthes. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2015. <http://www.darwinsgalapagos.com/animals/platyhelminthe s_flatworms.htm>.

10. Reproductive System ▪ Sexual ▪ Hermaphrodites ▪ Asexual ▪ Regeneration ▪ Fission ▪ Splitting into two "Platyheminthes -Flatworms." Flatworms. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://siera104.com/bio/flatworms.html>.

11. Platyhelminthes ▪ 3 Main Classes ▪ Turbellaria ▪ Trematoda ▪ Cestoda N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.biozoomer.com/2014/09/phylum- platyhelminthes-classification.html>.

12. Turbellaria ▪ Free-living ▪ Lack respiratory and circulatory system ▪ Moist environments ▪ Bilateral ▪ Ex: Planarian "WoRMS Photogallery." WoRMS. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://www.marinespecies. org/photogallery.php?album=1 146&pic=11418>.

13. Trematoda ▪ Parasitic ▪ Ex: Flukes ▪ Complex life cycle ▪ Asexual reproduction ▪ Oral suckers "Animalia - Platyhelminthes - Trematoda." BIODIDAC. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm/File_nam e/trem054p/File_type/gif>.

14. Cestoda ▪ Ex: Tapeworms ▪ Parasitic ▪ No digestive system ▪ Food absorbed through cuticle ▪ Live in digestive tract of vertebrates "Key to Australian Freshwater and Terrestrial Invertebrates." Class Cestoda. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/TFI/start%20 key/key/platyhelminthes%20key/Media/HTML/Cesto da.html>.

15. Why are they called Flatworms? ▪ Flat body ▪ Soft bodied ▪ Looks like ribbon "Worm: Flatworms." -- Kids Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/art- 67300/Flatworms-come-in-many-shapes-and-sizes-though-most- are>.

16. Cephalization ▪ Differentiation of the anterior end of an organism into a definite head ▪ Evolutionary advance ▪ Accomplished by nervous tissues ▪ Feeding mechanisms N.p., n.d. Web. <https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/lab-1- /deck/10353526>.

17. Where do they live? ▪ Moist environment ▪ Marine water ▪ Fresh water ▪ Inside other organisms "Invertebrates." - LiveBinder. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://www.livebinders.com/play/play/846528>.

18. Tapeworms Infection ▪ Contaminated water ▪ Raw or uncooked meats ▪ Steps of infection 1. Proglottids pass out eggs on vegetation 2. Cow ingests eggs 3. Egg hatches into larvae that form cysts 4. People eat the beef 5. Develop into tapeworms " Invertebrates." - LiveBinder. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://www.livebinders.com/play/play/846528>.

19. Parts of a Platyhelminthes "Homepage: Phyla / Class / Order." Homepage: Phyla / Class / Order. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://people.emich.edu/mkamins1/bio480/&gt ;.

20. Works Cited ▪ Mrs. Red’s Owl Book ▪ "Flatworms." Flatworm. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://www.mcwdn.org/Animals/Flatworm.html>. ▪ Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/platyhelminthes-class- turbellaria.html>. ▪ Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/platyhelminthes-class- trematoda.html>. ▪ N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/platyhelminthes- class-cestoda.html>. ▪ "Cephalization | Biology." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2015. <http://www.britannica.com/science/cephalization>.