1. STRIDOR IN NEONATES AND INFANTS Ravi Pachigolla, MD Ronald Deskin, MD

2. Definition of Stridor l Venturi Principle l Musical Sounds l Levels of Obstruction

3. History and Physical l Duration l Severity l Related Symptoms l Examination l Radiography l Endoscopy

4. Laryngotracheobronchitis l Viral illness l Self Limited l Biphasic Stridor

5. Epiglottitis l Rapid Onset l Severe l Controlled Intubation

6. Laryngomalacia l Flaccid supraglottis vs. neuromuscular immaturity l Self-limited l Diagnosis l Surgical Correction

7. Subglottic Stenosis l Diagnosis l Congenital vs. Acquired l Anterior Cricoid Split l Laryngotracheoplasty

8. Subglottic Hemangioma l History and presentation l Treatment l Location

9. Vocal Cord Paralysis l Usually idiopathic l Characteristic sound l Usually self limited if unilateral l Bilateral more severe

10. Vascular Anomalies l Anomalous innominate artery l Double aortic arch l Retroesophageal right subclavian artery

11. Laryngeal Webs l Cause l Symptoms l Treatment

12. Laryngotracheal Clefts l Difficult diagnosis l Symptoms l Endoscopy l Treatment l Complications

13. Foreign Bodies l History and Presentation l Coordinated Team Effort l Proper Equipment essential l Techniques and complications