1. Where Do Jobs Come From?

2. Whether working with a “growth-first,” “jobs-first” or “skills-first” scenario, the role of investment is central. Target key sectors Align investments in sector growth and skills A cadre of managers and technicians pass on skills Growth-firstJobs-firstSkills-first Growth-friendly policies Investment Increased demand for labor Skill forecasting Public investments in skills Skilled workforce attracts investment

3. Developing democracies grow messily!!! #1: Conflict Political Settlement Dominant #2: Dominant Discretionary #4: Rule-by-law Dominant #6: Sustainable Democracy Competitive #3: Personalized Competitive #5: Rule-of-law Competitive Low: Personalized elite bargain High: impersonality Organizational and institutional complexity ??

4. Employment: embraced by everyone owned by no one USAID GES session 1 Nov 2015 Where Do Jobs Come From? admelkert@2iand2c.com

5. Coordination – Ministries: Labor & Education & Economy/Finance & Agriculture & Prime Minister: Steering Ctee w/authority – Tripartite Consultation Council – Macro-economic Growth & Jobs Strategy – Wage structure & perception analysis – Labour codes review – Long term resources projection Information – Skills Development/Labour Market Observatory – Mapping/geocoding – Baseline data for results measurement 5 CONNECTING = COORDINATING (1)

6. Capacity – Ministries scan – Research infrastructure – TVET alignment with business – Apprenticeship schemes (public/private) – Public Employment Services – Child care facilities Resources – TVET support (public/private/participants) – Public Employment Services co-financing – Tax incentives – Targeted investment budgets 6 CONNECTING = COORDINATING (2)

7. NITA YOUTH AND CIVIL SOCIETY PRIVATE SECTOR Central Organization of Trade Unions Youth serving and youth-led organizations Ministry of Labor Industrialization and Enterprise Dev’t Energy and Petroleum Mining Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries Ministry of Dev. And Planning (Youth Secretariat) Ministry of Education Recruitment Agencies Private Sector Associations (national) Private Sector Associations (sector-based) Foreign Employers Federation of Kenyan Employers Job Placement Services National Manpower Development Committee National Youth Council Funds for Youth and Women National Youth Service Formal sector firms and MNCs Jua Kali Sector PUBLIC SECTOR EDUCATION Independent training providers Tertiary Secondary Primary TVET Legend Weak links Strong links Kenya Workforce Development Network (current)

8. NITA YOUTH AND CIVIL SOCIETY EDUCATION Central Organization of Trade Unions Youth serving and youth-led organizations Ministry of Labor Ministry of Dev. And Planning (Youth Secretariat) Ministry of Education Recruitment Agencies Private Sector Associations (national) Private Sector Associations (sector-based) Foreign Employers Federation of Kenyan Employers Job Placement Services National Manpower Development Committee National Youth Council Funds for Youth and Women National Youth Service LMIS Jua Kali Sector Formal sector firms and MNCs PUBLIC SECTOR President’s Office Independent training providers Tertiary Secondary Primary TVET Kenya Workforce Development Network (preferred future) Industrialization and Enterprise Dev’t Energy and Petroleum Mining Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries PRIVATE SECTOR Legend Weak links Strong links