1. Enabling Net-centric Information Sharing Multinational Command and Control Semantic Interoperability Mr. Erik Chaum DMSO Assistant Director Simulation-to-C2 / Science and Technology -------------------------------------------- Supporting OSD (AT&L) Advanced Systems and Concepts

2. W3C Web Service Concept Definition: A Web service is a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine- processable format (specifically WSDL). Other systems interact with the Web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards. Ref: http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-arch/ Semantics (Sem) - what the bits mean Protocols (WSD) - how we move the bits Net-centric Information Sharing Foundations

3. Semantic Challenge Classification Uncertainty example: System A: Probability-based declaration System B: Single type declaration When A sends to B: Information lost (content, precision, context, metadata) Uncertainty created Manual interpretation required True for COIs that overlap! Mediation or XML don’t solve this problem. Harmonized COI standards solve this problem! CO1 1 CO1 2 Net-centric Information Sharing Foundations

4. Command and Control Integrates Mission & Functional COIs all Overlap in the C2 dimension C2 must provide the broad and integrating capability - no COI Stovepipes LogisticsLogistics Modeling & Simulation Modeling LittoralOperationsLittoralOperations EffectsEffects StrikeStrike TSTTST Command & Control Command Net-centric Information Sharing Foundations

5. Communities: Complexity Reduction Community standards are essential to unambiguous information sharing and processes with reduced complexity and improved quality The lack of standards (i.e., LDM) adds complexity: Increased Costs Implementing similar battlespace representations designs Unique interfaces, integration, synchronization Reduced capability - limited interoperability Loss of meaning, Loss of precision, Loss of context Limitations on automated processing (increased complexity required to achieve automated processing) Longer time to capability Manual processing People need to manually interpret the data Net-centric Information Sharing Foundations

6. MIP & NATO: JC3IEDM Mutilateral Interoperability Programme Operational Objective: Enable Common Understanding of the Battlespace Technical Objective: “Information Interoperability” Information across national and language boundaries. From tactical to operational and strategic levels. Interaction with NGO Joint Consultation, Command and Control Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM) Full documentation at: www.MIP- site.org Multinational C2 Community of Interest Multinational C2 Community of Interest

7. This tactical display shows very little data, only 17 friendly units for example. The display has sufficient detail for the viewer to understand the situation and with few distracting features. Joint AOR

8. Enterprise Standards Enterprises are composed of many communities. Communities contain many systems. Capability is realized through process enabled by integrated systems. Community information exchange standards should be system, Service, agency, and country independent logical data models [LDM] to support Joint, Inter-agency and multinational operations. Community role: Define and manage community business models (includes LDM that community information exchange standards)! Industry role: Implement capability based on community concepts and LDMs in specific systems and services. C2 community data standards/LDM provide a foundation for integrated Joint, Inter-agency and multinational capability. Net-centric Information Sharing Foundations

9. Leveraging JC3IEDM MIP Nations in various national systems NATO Force Goal / Systems STANAG 5525 US Activities: US Army - Battle Command, Simulation, FCS US Marine Corps - Common Information Model US Navy - FORCEnet experimentation DISA - C2 Core Services COIs/Program leveraging MIP products JCS - Global Force Management (authoritative Force Mgmt Data) CBRN (NATO) Modeling and Simulation CBML: NATO MSG-48, SISO PDG, GeoBML ACTDs COSMOS, CMA, ASAP, JRCE Multinational / Joint Command and Control

10. JC3IEDM as Knowledge Base IDA [Loaiza, Wartik 2005] created a C2 ontology prototype based on the MIP IEDM to explore its use in automated decision support. Each class in the MIP IEDM maps to a class in the ontology (though not vice versa). Each organic attribute and relationship in the MIP IEDM maps to a slot in a GH ontology class. The IDA MIP ontology was implemented using a frame- based ontology. Other prototyping efforts to develop description-logic based ontology methods have been undertaken

11. Issues & Challenges Semantic impedance mismatches: the costs and limitations associated with semantic translation are not well understood Mediation / Adaptors have severe limitations! Avoid mediation when able Functional communities overlap in the C2 area C2 forms a foundation for functional semantics Need to make semantic discord evident to motivate coherence efforts and provide understanding of limits.