1. Utilising resident feedback to inform energy saving interventions at the Barbican BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL Carrie Behar, UCL Energy Institute

2. Structure of Presentation o Context o The Barbican – a case study o Method o Results o Why people matter BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL

3. Context o 25% of CO 2 emissions from housing (UK) o 70% of today’s housing will still be here in 2050 (UK) o 1.5% of existing properties are listed – 374,081 (England) o 4.6% of existing properties in Conservation Areas (England) ‘Conventional’ retrofit solutions may not be appropriate We need to improve the performance of our existing housing In situations where the fabric has to be left alone, might upgrades to building services or behaviour change interventions work instead? BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL

4. The Barbican: A typical ‘unique’ case study o Mixed-use cultural and residential site in Central London o Designed and constructed in the 1960’s o 2056 residential units (mostly flats) o Grade II listed buildings and landscaping o Active residents community with sustainability group BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL

5. The Barbican: Building fabric and services o Solid concrete construction o Timber-framed single glazing o No insulation o Thermal bridging prevalent o Electric underfloor heating is centrally controlled o Adjusting trimmers and removing fuses only way to control heating o Poor energy performance: average heating energy- use is 194kWh/m 2 /y (excluding any electric heaters) Fabric Services BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL

6. Method: BUS questionnaire and heating energy data Sample: 2056 dwellings Response rate: 19.2% Post occupancy evaluation (POE) Occupant questionnaireHeating energy data BUS Methodology (Leaman) Behaviour survey (Gill) Heating and cooling control (after consultation with residents group) Heating energy consumption by block data available for the years 2002/03 to 2008/09 Metered data from 18 blocks 2002/3 – 2008/9 BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL

7. Results o Overall high satisfaction o Some problem areas: o Dry air o Variable internal temperatures o Low cooling control o Low noise control o VERY low heating control Thermal comfort Variable μσ Scale Control over Cooling3.292.15No Control :Full Control [1-7] Control over Heating1.991.48No Control :Full Control [1-7] Control over Noise2.26 No Control :Full Control [1-7] BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL Variable μσ Scale Air2.581.36Dry :Humid [1-7] Temperature4.721.89Stable :Varies [1-7] Personal control

8. Results – Behaviour survey and additional questions o Only 40% aware of option to adjust trimmers or reduce fuses o Most popular strategies for controlling heating are ancillary heaters and windows o 89% of people using windows to control [over]heating during winter o People who adjusted trimmers are less likely to use windows to control heating o No difference in comfort between people using trimmers and people using windows BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL Opening windows during winter wastes energy: results suggest that if more people used the trimmers energy savings could be made.

9. People do matter BUILDING CIBSE YEPG Summer Series - Rethinking Energy Performance User Behaviour: Do people matter? 19 th June 2013, UCL We must always expect ordinary people to come up with extraordinary ways to use the buildings which we design

10. This research was made possible by EPSRC support for the London-Loughborough Centre for Doctoral Research in Energy Demand, grant number EP/H009612/1 Thank you for listening… Any questions? Carrie Behar, Doctoral Researcher [carrie.behar@ucl.ac.uk] “ Follow me on twitter @lolostudent ” Publications BEHAR, C. & CHIU, L., Ventilation in energy efficient UK homes; A user experience of innovative technologies. Proceedings of eceee summer study, Rethink, Renew, Restart., Belambra Les Criques, France 4-9 June, 2013. BEHAR, C. Utilising resident feedback to inform energy saving interventions at the Barbican. Local Environment, 2013. (forthcoming)