1. Star Life Cycles

2. I.Dark Nebulas: Cold Clouds of gas and dust located in arms of galaxies. a.Gravity pulls gas and dust together to form protostar (no fusion).

3. Young Protostars in Dark Nebula

4. II. MAIN SEQUENCE STARS: Stars that are in the first part of their life cycle, fusing hydrogen to helium. a.Star size is indirectly proportional to life span. b.Star size affects temperature and color SizeColorSurface Temperature Life Span (yrs) SmallRed3,000 KTrillions Average (sun) Yellow10,000 KBillions MassiveBlue40,000 KMillions

5. Sulaphat and its two companion stars (oval shape), 600 light years away! MASSIVE BLUE GIANT STARS in constellation LYRA

6. III.RED GIANTS: When a main sequence star uses up all of its hydrogen fuel and starts expanding under helium - carbon fusion or other advanced stages of fusion.

7. Red Giants in old star cluster M80 orbiting Milky Way RED GIANTS

9. IV.Star Death – when fusion stops at the core and gravity collapses the star. M.Sequene Star Type GiantGiant Phase Fusion EventEnd Red DwarfRed GiantHe - COuter layers expand out White Dwarf YellowRed GiantHe - COuter layers expand out White Dwarf BlueSuper Giants Heavier elements Super NovaNeutron star Black hole

10. V.WHITE DWARFS - When a red giant runs out of helium to carbon fusion, the outer layers expand and leave a white hot core. Death of a low to medium mass star. This is not a supernova event.

11. Zoom Views of M4 White Dwarfs

12. VI. SUPERNOVA – Explosion of a large super giant by caused by gravity’s crushing force.

13. VII. Compact Cores – gravity begins to change and destroy matter.

14. VIII. Evidence for Black Holes Super fast orbiting stars & gas Radiation from poles of quasars Mathematics of Enormous Mass = Gravity Chandra X-Ray Super fast orbiting stars at the center of our galaxy orbiting something invisible.

17. Galaxy M83, BLACK HOLE AT CENTER

19. http://chandra.harvard.edu/phot o/chronological.html http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1996/22/