1. 549 Reading Interests of Adults History / Ethnography of Reading Marija Dalbello Rutgers School of Communication, Information, and Library Studies dalbello@scils.rutgers.edu http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~dalbello Image credit: Victor GAD

2. ‘Reading as a form of behavior operating as a complex intervention in the ongoing social life of actual social subjects’

3. Outline ______________________________ Studies of Reading Ethnography of Reading Reading in Applied Contexts: Library as ‘Reading’ Institution

4. Studies of Reading ___________________________________ (Wiegand 1997) Literacy studies (contexts of literacy practices, rise of the vernacular, authorship) Print culture history (reading practices affect production & distribution of texts; reading rooted in ‘print as artefactual object’) Reader-response theory (reading act as process of interpretation, reading integrated with life history) Ethnography of reading (reading as communal activity, practiced in shared institutions and shared interpretive frameworks)

5. Ethnographic approach to reading ___________________________________ (Boyarin 1992) reading as sociocultural act & localized practice (specific to particular contexts and times (Biblical / Talmudic reading vs. European reading) European monastic reading vs. reading for pleasure study of texts reflecting these practices study of formative processes

6. “Reading” as spoken and described in the Bible ________________ ________________ _______ Boyarin: Placing Reading reading as speech act illocutionary / perlocutionary force of the act of reading reading as speech act of command, with perlocutionary effect of obedience reading as proclamation, declaration, a summons Searle, Austin “taxonomy of speech”

7. “Reading” as spoken and described in the Bible ________________ ________________ _______ Boyarin: Placing Reading reading as speech act literal obligation to read a document reading as public act collectivity and orality in reading

8. “Reading” as practiced in European culture ________________ ____ Boyarin: Placing Reading reading as passive reception reader consuming text (silently or orally) alone act of reading has no immediate public consequences silent reading transference of reading from public to private spaces Saenger, Space Between Words: The Origins of Silent Reading

9. “Reading” as practiced in European culture ________________ ________________ _______ Boyarin: Placing Reading reading as site of erotic tension moral implications of reading for pleasure (in opposition to monastic?) ill-fated readers Paolo & Francesca (Dante) vs. tradition of reading as monastic study

10. Ethnographic study of reading ________________ ________________ _____ Boyarin: Ethnography of Reading, p. 24 Ethnographic characterization of reading in European culture suggests that reading occupies a socio-cultural space entirely different from the one that it did in the biblical and rabbinic culture. It is not a speech-act, public, and liturgical in nature, but passive, private or semi- private, and belonging to the sphere of leisure and pleasure.

11. Reading in Applied Contexts ___________________________________ (Wiegand 1997) Role of libraries in promoting reading RA programming understanding of readers and their uses of and gratifications from reading Role of LIS programs in teaching about reading ‘information’ allows to avoid complexities involving matters of race, class, sexual orientation, age and gender distinctions content of information vs. access to information (‘library as reading institution’) Role of research in understanding the process of reading as a form of behavior operating as a complex intervention in the ongoing social life of actual social subjects’

12. Library as ‘Reading Institution’ ___________________________________ “ Can you help me find a good book?” Reader’s Advisory historically, scorn for pleasure reading (even today, RA not advertised) history of RA services pre-WW2: adult education program, self improvement post-WW2: disappeared recent years: renaissance from didactic activity aimed at moral transformation to fiction guidance with no attempt to improve patrons’ reading tastes

13. Library as ‘Reading Institution’ ___________________________________ “ Ask here for a good book” Reader’s Advisory tools, methods of conducting RA interview, staff training, promotion of the service to the patrons programming: passive vs. active methods passive methods: eliciting reader tastes (circulation, surveys?), book recommendations, consultation with colleagues, new fiction racks, book reviews/patron popularity, posting of a best sellers list, genre shelving, book displays, notices announcing new arrivals/new fiction, bookmarks, booklists, and annotated bibliographies, newsletters, sponsored book clubs active methods: RA interview (in-depth process, follow-up, use of tools)

14. Library as ‘Reading Institution’ ___________________________________ Reader’s Advisory tools: NoveList (http://NOVELIST.EPNET.COM, EBSCO dbase, by subscription); Pearl, Now Read This; Genreflecting; Reader’s Robot (http://www.tnrdlib.bc.ca/rr.html); Reader’s Advisor, etc. (cf. ‘online sources’ page) interview: neutral questioning technique, closing the interview with invitation for feedback, longitudinal, librarian’s knowledge of fictional genres and titles