2. 1390 ±190 GTC 4000 GTC VEGETATION SOIL & DETRITUS FOSSIL FUEL OCEAN SURFACE 960± 60 GTC INTERMEDIATE & DEEP OCEAN 36000 ± 2000 GTC SEDIMENT 150 GTC ATMOSPHERE 745 ± 5 GTC 580 ± 30 GTC MICROBIAL DECOMPOSITION 60 GTC PLANT RESPIRATION NET DESTRUCTION 1.5 GTC ANAEROBIC AEROBIC FOSSIL FUEL BURNING 6 GTC GASEOUS EXCHANGE 2GTC PHTOSYNTHESIS 120 GTC 60 GTC CO 2 CO CH 4 C 6 H 12 O 6 CH 4 KEY: : C SINK : PROMINENT FORM OF C : PROCESSES INFO Prajakta Ghatpande

3. OCEAN BIOLOGICAL PUMP OF CARBON MIXED LAYER MIDOCEANIC THERMOCLINE DEEP SEA ORGANIC MATTER SEDIMENT 150 GTC MARINE BIOTA ORGANIC MATTER SINKING PARTICLE PHOTOSYNTHETIC ORGANISMS PHYTOPLANKTON BIOLOGICAL UPWELLING OF DEEP WATER CO 2 & NUTRIENTS REMINERALIZATION PUMP 960 ± 60 GTC 36000 ± 2000 GTC 150 GTC 3 GTC 50 m CALCIUM CARBOANTE 0.15GTC LIMESTONE DOLOMITE CO 2 + H 2 O  H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3 + CO 3 2-  2HCO 3 2- CO 2 + B (OH 4 ) -  HCO 3 - + B (OH) 3 (CaCO 3 ) S  Ca 2+ + CO 3 2-

4. Points to Ponder: 3GT/year increase in atmospheric C or 1.5 ppm/year. GWP(global warming potential) of CO 2 = 1 A new global C cycle model with a realistic CO 2 e-fold lifetime of 55 yr.(half life 38 yr.) reveals that the temp. will increase by~ 0.3 0 C by 2100. Atmosphere has small C pool size but; large flux rates to other compartments. Geritol Fix: Artificial increase in the CO 2 absorption by fertilizing Key ocean regions. A few scientists have theorized that insufficient Fe is the only possible reason for low biological activity in southern ocean. Therefore, fertilizing it with Fe would boost population & henceforth the CO 2 absorption. Can GLOBAL GREENING be a solution for GLOBAL WARMING?

5. DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS TOXICITY SYMPTOMS ROLE IN PLANT GROWTH ROLE IN MICROBIAL GROWTH CONCENTRATION IN PLANTS EFFECT OF pH ON AVAILABILITY INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER NUTRIENTS FERTILIZER SOURCES MOBILITY IN SOIL MOBILITY IN PLANTS FORM TAKEN UP BY PLANTS NUTRIENT INFORMATION REFERENCES

6. CO 2. Plants prefer C 12 over C 13 Elevated levels of CO 2 in the atmosphere benefit some plants by making them more tolerant to cold temperature.

7. CO 2 mobile in soil pore space. HCO 3 - mobile in soil solution.

8. None.

9. No deficiency symptoms. In case of low carbon content of the soil, excess N is absorbed by plants as nitrate which will result in slow and stunted growth.

10. No carbon toxicity. But; often increased carbon content in soil increases C: N ratio, thereby allowing the micro organisms to utilize the available N for break down of carbonaceous material, before plants can use that N, thus inducing a N deficiency in plants.

11. Macroelement required by plants, constitutes about 40- 45% of dry weight of plant matter. Basic energy source and building block for plant tissues. Converted through photosynthesis into simple sugars. Used by plants in building starches, carbohydrates, cellulose, lignin, and protein.

12. Main food of microbial population, Utilization by microbes is closely related to C:N ratio.

13. The rate of CO 2 saturation concentration for leaf photosynthesis ranges between 400-800 microliters CO 2 per liter of air.

14. None.

15. 10:1 C: N ratio needed for stable organic matter. High C:N ratios lead to nitrogen immobilization. Low C:N ratios lead to N mineralization. N rates in excess of those required for maximum yield can lead to increased soil organic C.

16. Crop residues, green manures and animal wastes can be significant sources of soil organic carbon.

17. Organic Carbon + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy enzymes

18. CO 2 + H 2 O + Energy (Light)  Organic Carbon + O 2 Chloroplast

19. References: Carbon dioxide and environmental stress by Yiqi Luo & Harold A. Mooney. The global carbon cycle by B. Blin, E. T. Degens, S. Kempe, P. Kenter Carbon Cycle modeling by Bert Bolin Carbon sequestration in the biosphere by M. A. Baren Botany, A functional approach, 4 th edition by Walter H. Muller. Carbon Cycle 1998.