1. Everything You Need to Know About Fossil Fuels *and how to give a good energy presentation

2. How Fossil Fuels Work  Fossil fuels are burned to produce heat  Produces CO 2 and water  Greenhouse gas, plant food  Also produces C, CO, NO x, SO x  Toxic, acid rain, smog  Catalytic converters limit this

3. How Fossil Fuels Work  Coal: C (s) + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + 25.6 kJ/g  Nat’l gas: CH 4(g) + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + 55.5 kJ/g  Gasoline: C 8 H 18(l) + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + 45.6 kJ/g  Propane: C 3 H 8(l/g) + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + 50.4 kJ/g  Source: Encyclopedia of Earth

4. How Fossil Fuels Work  Power plants  Heat boils water to make steam  Steam spins turbine/generator  Same as in nuclear power plant  Vehicles  Fuel burns in cylinder  Produces hot gas, which expands  LNG has promise

5. Availability*  82% of total US energy consumption  68% of US electricity production  42% coal, 25% nat’l gas, 1% petroleum**  95.5% of energy in Transportation  Need electric cars to avoid  *Source: Institute for Energy Research  **Source: US Energy Information Administration

6. Capacity  We could provide 100%  We have in the past

7. Cost of Electricity  Coal  Total: 10 cents/kW-hr  Fuel: 3 cents/kW-hr  Natural Gas  Total: 7 cents/kW-hr  Fuel: 5 cents/kW-hr  Source: Institute for Energy Research

8. Renewability  Fossil fuels are not renewable  Coal: 150-400 yr  US has 27% of world supply  Russia (18%) and Canada (13%)  Source: Institute for Energy Research, Wikipedia  Oil: 45-150 yr  Physics/ucsd.edu, wikipedia  Nat’l Gas: 60-170 yr  Wikipedia

9. Independence  In 2011, 45 percent of US was imported  Canada  Mexico  Saudi Arabia  Venezuela  Nigeria.  Source: Energy Information Administration  Domestic supplies could increase with technology  Fracking, shale oil, oil sands

10. Environmental Impact  Emissions  CO 2 (last IPCC says 99% cause of AGW)  NOx, SOx  Particulate  Heavy metal  VOC’s  Oil spills  Drilling, transportation, refining  Mining issues

11. New Technologies  Fracking may increase our NG supply tremendously  Environmental concerns  New domestic sources of petroleum  Shale oil  Tar sands

12. Quote of the Day  “The stone age didn’t end for lack of stone …  … and the oil age will end long before the world runs out of oil.” 70’s Saudi oil minister

13. Opinion  No choice soon enough  Economics a big pos.  But we’re rich enough to move on  Environmental impact big neg.  Develop alt energy for job growth  Energy independence undervalued  Petroleum is undervalued as chemical source

14. References  (1) Encyclopedia of Earth  http://www.eoearth.org/article/Heat_of_co mbustion?topic=49557 http://www.eoearth.org/article/Heat_of_co mbustion?topic=49557  (2) Institute for Energy Research  http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/ energy-overview/fossil-fuels/ http://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/ energy-overview/fossil-fuels/  (3) US Energy Information Administration  http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id= 427&t=3 http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id= 427&t=3