1.  Scanning Electron-looks at a samples surface  Transmission Electron-can look at internal structures  Remember….these two can only be used to look at nonliving cells!

2. Diffusion/Osmosis/Active Transport Chapter 7

3.  Cellular Transport-Moves substances within the cell and moves substances into and out of the cell.  There are 3 ways:  Diffusion  Osmosis  Active Transport

4.  All Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have one  Thin flexible boundary between cell and environment that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.  Gives the Cell Shape  Maintains Homeostasis  It is Selectively Permeable meaning it allows some substances to enter cell while keeping others out!  Think of it as a.…..Fish Net or Screen Door

6.  Composed of a phospholipid bilayer  Phospholipid consists of:  1. A glycerol backbone  2. 2 fatty acid chains  3. Phosphate group.

7.  The phospholipids are arranged tail to tail. The bilayer includes cholesterol, proteins, and carbs.

8.  The head is polar and therefore attracted to water (hydrophilic)  The two fatty acid tails are nonpolar and are hydrophobic.  Together the phospholipids look like a sandwich. With the fatty acids forming the interior and the phospholipid heads facing the watery environment found outside of cell.

9.  The net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles to an area where there are fewer particles  Therefore substances diffuse from an area of high concentration to low concentration.  EX. Food coloring dropped into beaker of water/Perfume

10.  3 Factors  Concentration  Concentration is high, more particles collide, diffusion occurs more quickly  Temperature  Temp increases, particles move faster, diffusion is faster  Pressure  Higher pressure, particles closer together, collide faster, diffuse faster

11.  Uses transport proteins to move other ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane.  The proteins open and close to allow substances in and out of cells.  This requires no extra energy because particles are moving from area of high concentration to low concentration

12. 4. Active transport uses cellular energy to move substances across a cell membrane. molecules move from LOW concentration to HIGH concentration - helps organisms maintain homeostasis USES ENERGY (ATP)!

13.  Exocytosis takes materials OUT of the cell.

14.  Endocytosis carries materials INTO the cell. Examples: Pinocytosis – when cells engulf water using the cell membrane Phagocytosis – when cells engulf large particles (food) using the cell membrane

15.  Water passes freely into and out of a cell through the plasma membrane this is called Osmosis.  Solution is made up of 2 parts the solvent and the solute. The solute dissolves in the solvent.  Concentration of solution decreases when amount of solvent increases. (Think of sugar and water)

16.  Isotonic- Cell has the same concentration of water and solutes like ions, sugars, proteins.  Water still moves through plasma membrane but enters and leaves at the same rate Ex. Blood  Hypotonic- when cell lower concentration of solute than water. More water outside cell and wants to move to from high concentration to low so water enters cell causing cell to swell.  Ex. Veggies  Hypertonic- concentration of solute is greater outside of cell than water. Water will move out of cell causing cell to wilt.  Ex. Plants wilting

18.  1. E  2.A  3.F  4.B  5.G  6.H  7.C  8.D  9.I  10.L  11.K  12.J