1. Clinical laboratory diagnostics of hemoblastosis

2. Leukemia definition Leukemia – it is tumor arising from bloodforming cells and primary lesion bone marrow Leukemia – it is tumor arising from bloodforming cells and primary lesion bone marrow

3. Classification of leukemias Acute leukemias Acute leukemias myeloblastic myeloblastic lymphoblastic lymphoblastic Chronical leukemias Chronical leukemias myeloid myeloid lynphoid lynphoid

4. Acute myeloblastic leukemias Undifferentiated Undifferentiated Myeloblastic without maturing Myeloblastic without maturing Myeloblastic with maturing Myeloblastic with maturing Promyelocytic Promyelocytic Myelomonoblastic Myelomonoblastic Monoblastic Monoblastic Erythroblastic Erythroblastic Megacaryoblastic Megacaryoblastic

5. Histochemical signs of differentiation of acute leukemias 1. Reaction for peroxidase 1. Reaction for peroxidase 2. Reaction for acidity phosphatase 2. Reaction for acidity phosphatase 3. Reaction for uncpecific esterases 3. Reaction for uncpecific esterases 4. Reaction for lipides 4. Reaction for lipides 5. Reaction for compoud carbohydrates 5. Reaction for compoud carbohydrates

6. Causes of development of iron- deficiency states: Blood loss Blood loss Vegetarians Vegetarians Prolonged achlorhydria Prolonged achlorhydria Extensive surgical removal of the proximal small bowel or chronic diseases, such as pancreatitis, enteritis. Extensive surgical removal of the proximal small bowel or chronic diseases, such as pancreatitis, enteritis. Increased iron requirement: Increased iron requirement: From birth to age 2 and during adolescence During pregnancy and lactation

7. Reaction of myeloblastes and other of neutrophil cells for peroxidase

8. Reaction of monoblastes for α-naphtylacetateestherase

9. Reaction of myeloblastes and monoblastes for acidity phosphatase

10. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - blood

11. Acute В-lymphoblastosis – bone marrow Big vacuolized lymphoblastes

12. Laboratory methods The World Health Organization's criterion for anemia in adults is Hb values less than 12.5 g/dL. Usually, US values are slightly higher. Anemia is suggested in males with Hb levels less than 13.5 g/dL and in females with Hb levels less than 12.5 g/dL.

13. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia – bone marrrow

14. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia – bone marrrow. Initial stage.

15. Acute lymphoblastosis – bone marrow. Total lymphoblastic metaplasia

16. Chronic myelogenous (or myeloid) leukemia (CML), also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. Chronic myelogenous (or myeloid) leukemia (CML), also known as chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), is a cancer of the white blood cells. It is a form of leukemia characterized by the increased and unregulated growth of predominantly myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood.

17. Chronical myeloid leukemias Myelocytic Myelocytic Monocytic Monocytic Eosinophilic Eosinophilic Erythroblastic Erythroblastic Megacaryocytic Megacaryocytic

18. Chronical myelocytic leukemia – blood. Chronical phase

19. Chronical myelocytic leukemia – blood.

20. Chronical myelocytic leukemia – blood Stage of blastic crisis

21. Chronical lymphoid leukemias В-lymphocytic В-lymphocytic Т- lymphocytic (1,5 %) Т- lymphocytic (1,5 %) Haircell Haircell

22. Chronical В-cell lymphocytic leukemia - blood

23. Chronical lymphocytic leukemia – blood. Gumprecht’s bodies.

24. Chronical lymphocytic leukemia – bone marrow. Total lymphoid metaplasia.

26. Chronical haircell leukemia - blood

28. Haircell leukemia - blood. Reaction for acidity phosphatase

29. Chronical monocytic leukemia - blood

30. Mechanisms of cellular oncogenes activating Point mutations Point mutations Chromosomal abnormalities Chromosomal abnormalities Virual transduction Virual transduction Insertion mutagenesis Insertion mutagenesis Genes amplification Genes amplification

31. Clinical manifestation of leukemia Metaplastic anemia Metaplastic anemia Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia Hemorrhagic syndrome Hemorrhagic syndrome Secondary immunedeficiency Secondary immunedeficiency Decrease of resistance Decrease of resistance

32. Thank for your attention! Thank for your attention!