1. Chapter 16 Biofilms Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

2. Biofilms  After reading this chapter, the student will be able to:  Define the origin and components of cuticle.  Discuss the composition of acquired pellicle and plaque.  Describe the location and composition of calculus.  Explain why saliva is important in determining oral health. 2 Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

3. Biofilms  Cuticle  Acquired pellicle  Plaque  Calculus Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3

4. Primary or Developmental Cuticle  Deposited by the ameloblasts  Thin, structureless protein membrane  Reduced enamel epithelium is the outer cuticle surface.  Reduced enamel epithelium is lost during tooth eruption. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4

5. Primary or Developmental Cuticle  Most important function: Cuticular protein that initiates attachment of the junctional epithelium to enamel. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5

6. Acquired Pellicle  A thin, structureless membrane about 0.5 to 1.0 µm thick  Composed of salivary proteins and glycoproteins  Although bacteria- free when formed, rapidly attracts bacteria Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6

7. Acquired Pellicle  Although the acquired pellicle is considered protective to the enamel surface, it does provide an attachment site for bacteria. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7

8. Plaque Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 8

9. Plaque  Organisms attach to the pellicle and use the presence of debris in acid formation. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 9

10. Plaque  Salivary corpuscles: An increase in leukocytes in saliva is indicative of gingival inflammation. Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 10

11. Plaque Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11

12. Plaque Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 12

13. Plaque Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 13

14. Calculus Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 14

15. Calculus Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15

16. Calculus Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16

17. Questions and Considerations  Some patients seem to have heavier deposits of calculus, whereas other patients seem to have little calculus buildup but are susceptible to development of carious lesions. Discuss this phenomenon.  What patient education points are important to emphasize to help the patient understand the difference between plaque and calculus? Copyright © 2014 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 17