1. Matter Phase Changes

2. Particles in Matter Particles in matter are atoms and molecules. They have a force of attraction for each other. They are constantly moving. They move faster at higher temperatures.

3. Phases of Matter The four most common phases of matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

4. Energy and Phases Matter can be changed to different phases by adding or removing energy. When energy is added – endothermic When energy is removed – exothermic Atoms and molecules are more ordered in matter that has less energy. Atoms and molecules become less ordered in matter that has more energy.

5. Changes of State Melting: solid liquid Freezing: liquid solid Vaporization: liquid gas Condensation: gas liquid Sublimation: solid gas

6. Summary of Phase Changes Gas Liquid Solid Energy in System Melting Vaporization (boiling or evaporation) Sublimation Condensation Freezing Deposition = Exo = Endo

7. The Fourth State - Plasma The most common state of matter in the universe (estimates place it at 99%). No definite volume or shape. Particles are broken apart (even parts of the atoms themselves). Are effected by magnetic fields. Conduct electric currents.

8. Plasma Natural examples on Earth Lightning and Flame Artificial plasmas Inside fluorescent light bulbs and plasma TV s. Also inside - Fusion Reactors

9. Nuclear Fission vs Fusion Nuclear Fission – splitting atoms Releases large amounts of energy Can create chain reaction http://www.atomicarchive.com/Fission/Fiss ion1.shtmlhttp://www.atomicarchive.com/Fission/Fiss ion1.shtml

10. Nuclear Explosion Hiroshima type bomb = 12 kilotons or 12,000 lbs of TNT. Injuries occur outward in 10 square mile area.

11. Fusion Hydrogen atoms are hitting each other. http://www.atomi carchive.com/Fu sion/FusionMov. shtmlhttp://www.atomi carchive.com/Fu sion/FusionMov. shtml

12. Fusion Reactors Could be future source of unlimited energy. We have test fusion reactor a few miles away in Sorrento Valley.

14. Inside a Fusion Reactor

15. The Sun – a very large fusion reactor

16. Hydrogen Bomb - Fusion