1. Power Generation Turbines

2. Types of Turbines Steam
Combustion generates steam which turns turbines
Gas
Combustion creates power which turns turbines
Combined Cycle
Gas first, then exhaust creates steam

4. Steam Turbine

5. Managing the Health of Fire Resistant Steam Turbine Electrohydraulic (EHC) Control Oils
Ken Brown, Utility Service Associates 
The Electrohydraulic control (EHC) system is responsible for the critical task of governing steam delivery to turbines that drive electric generators in a power plant.
Historically mineral oil-based fluids. Increasing steam temperatures (500°C to 550°C) and hydraulic fluid pressures (1,500 psi or 10 bar) demand the use of fire-resistant fluids to assure safe and reliable operation.
Phosphate ester-based hydraulic fluids are the most common fire-resistant EHC fluids in use today.
Phosphate ester fluids offer higher flash and fire points than mineral oils, and most importantly, they self-extinguish and are less likely to spread flaming streams or burning pools of oil.

7. Gas Turbine

8. Turbine Oil Functions Lubricate journal and thrust bearings
Provide efficient cooling
Prevent sludge
Prevent Corrosion
Sometimes hydraulic and gear

10. Oil Characteristics Viscosity Viscosity Index Demulsibility of Water
Higher Speeds (>3,000 RPM) need ISO 22-32
Lower Speeds (>3,000 RPM) need ISO 32-68
Viscosity Index
Min 95
Max 115
Demulsibility of Water
Steam Leaks
Condensation in reservoir
Faulty cooling systems
Oxidation Stability
RPVOT
Highly refined base oils

11. ASTM D2272 RPVOT Significance and Use
4.1 The estimate of oxidation stability is useful in controlling the continuity of this property for batch acceptance of production lots having the same operation. It is not intended that this test method be a substitute for Test Method D943 or be used to compare the service lives of new oils of different compositions.
4.2 This test method is also used to assess the remaining oxidation test life of in-service oils.

12. ASTM D943 TOST Significance and Use
This test method is widely used for specification purposes and is considered of value in estimating the oxidation stability of lubricants, especially those that are prone to water contamination.
It should be recognized, however, that correlation between results of this method and the oxidation stability of a lubricant in field service may vary markedly with field service conditions and with various lubricants.
The precision statement for this method was determined on steam turbine oils.
Turbine Oil Stability Test

13. Failure Modes Foam Rust and Corrosion Oxidation Air Intake from pumps
Hi return pressure
Can damage pumps
Rust and Corrosion
Water contamination
Oxidation
Temperature
Metal contaminants

14. System Flushing and Filtration
Initial Charge
High velocity
Filtration to ISO 17/16/14
Heating and cooling cycles
Recharge
Use flushing oil
Vibration of lines and temperature cycling

15. 1-5 year Oil Life Suitability for Continued Use (Annual)
Viscosity ASTM D445
RPVOT ASTM D2272
Water by Karl Fischer Titration ASTM D1744
Acid Number ASTM D664
ISO Cleanliness Code 4406
Rust ASTM D665 A
Demulsibility ASTM D1401
Foam ASTM D892 Sequence 2
ICP Metals

16. Greater than 4μm / Greater than 6μm / Greater than 14μm
Filtration
Clean Oil decreases the lifetime operation expense of a piece of equipment
An ISO code is a set of three reference numbers separated by slash marks and refer to the number of particles of certain sizes in 100 milliliters of a fuel or oil.
Greater than 4μm / Greater than 6μm / Greater than 14μm
ISO 22/21/18
What does it mean?