1. Workshop on Technology Pathways Forward for Carbon Capture & Storage on Natural Gas Power Systems United States Energy Association Theresa Pugh April 22, 2014

2. Coal Plant Retirement Estimates as of Fall 2013 2 Graphic used with permission from Scott Madden Timing 2033 2020 2016 2040 2020 2015 Sources: SNL; industry news; corporate announcements Notes: † 59 GWs “ripe for retirement” in addition to estimated 41 GWs announced; *includes ~9 GWs retired in 2012

3. CCS Adequately Demonstrated? 3

4. More to CCS Than Separation Technology http://www.publicpower.org/files/HTM/ccs.html

5. Storage and recycling of CO 2 for EOR and sequestering from power plants under CCS are similar but not at all the same. 5

6. Sequestration requires addressing many unknowns including: Laws to separate mineral rights vs. surface rights in most states Address western water law-- drilling is depth limited and first in right issues CERCLA RCRCA UIC system does not address other water and liability issues Products liabilities laws Trespass laws 6

7. http://naruc.org/Grants/Documents/Final-ICF-Project-Report071213.pdf Map of Existing CO 2 Pipelines 7

8. http://naruc.org/Grants/Documents/Final-ICF-Project-Report071213.pdf Map of Possible CO 2 Pipeline Corridors for a High CCS Case with Greater Use of EOR

9. Holland Board of Public Works (a case study about natural gas combined cycle and a BACT analysis for CCS in 2013) CCS for NGCC CHP Plant is theoretical as it has not been adequately demonstrated and did not meet 5 part Top Down BACT test Capital cost of $183 million for geologic sequestration for the proposed 114 MW plant nearly equates to the cost of the NGCC plants without CCS Inclusion of $37 million ANNUALLY in operating costs for geologic sequestration would exceed expected revenues without significant rate increases to customers

10. Holland Board of Public Works (a case study about natural gas combined cycle and a BACT analysis for CCS in 2013) CO2 from NGCC is only 1/4 the concentration of coal fired power plant and not easily captured CCS on a NGCC with higher renewables makes the operation too complex No large scale CCS has been demonstrated in Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership region and that process in Northern Niagara Pinnacle Reef is expected to not be finished until 2015 Water usage for separation and sequestration

11. Comparison of CCS Cost for Coal and Gas-fired EGUs

12. Comparison of 90% CCS Cost for Coal and Gas-fired EGUs

13. Comparison of 90% CCS Cost for Coal and Gas- fired EGUs (550 MW nominal net)

14. Contact Information Theresa Pugh Director, Environmental Services tpugh@publicpower.org (202)467-2900