1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم GENUS: CORYNEBACTERIUM Prof. Khalifa Sifaw Ghenghesh

2. Diptheroides = Coryneforms Gram +ve, Nonmotile Rods. Arranged in V forms or Palisades Catalase +ve

3. 1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria. Pleomorphic Bacilli Cells Contain Metachromatic Granules. Morphology

4. Corynebacterium diphtheriae Club-shaped, Gram-positive rods

5. Cultural Characteristics i. Loeffler's Serum Slope. ii. Tellurite BA. - Temp. 37 o C, - Aerobic and Facultative AnO2.

6. Corynebacterium diphtheriae forms black colonies on tellurit agar (left), on blood agar colonies appear white (right)

7. PATHOGENICITY Diphtheria is a Toxaemia. – Exotoxin: M. wt 62000 –2 Fragaments >> A & B –Inhibits Protein Synthesis. –Has Special Affinity for Certain Tissues "Mycocardium, Adrenals, Nerve Endings". Toxin >> Toxoid. Site of Infection >> Faucial. –Toxin >> Pseudomemebrane.

8. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS Important >> Specific Treatment Should Be Started Immediately on Suspicion of Diphtheria. Specimen: Two Swabs from the Lesion. Culture: i. Loeffler's Serum Slope >> Albert Stain. ii. Tellurite BA. iii. BA >> Streptococcal or Staphylococcal Pharyngitis.

9. PATHOGENICITY TESTS In-vivo Tests: i. Subcutaneous Test: ii. Intracutaneuos Test: In-vitro Test: –Elek Test ( Gel Precipitaion Test). Tissue Culture:

10. TREATMENT i. Antitoxin: > Moderate Cases: > Severe Cases: ii. Antibiotic: i. Active Immunization >> PDT. ii. Passive Immunization: iii. Combined: PREVENTION

11. SCHICK TEST > Injection of 0.2 ml of Diphtheria Toxin Intradermally. > Positive Reaction >> Erythema + Swelling

12. ______________________________________________________________________ ResultTest ArmControl ArmInterpretation Diphthri (Toxin) Inactivated Toxin Immunization 36h 120h ______________________________________________________________________ Negative-------- Immune, Not Not Hypersensitive Required ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Positive++---- Not Immune, Not Required Hypersensitive --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Negative+--+-- Immune Not Hypersensitive Required --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Positive &+++-- Not Immune Contra- PseudoHypersensitive indicated ______________________________________________________________________ SCHICK TEST

13. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Listeria monocytogenes

14. Listerosis.Listerosis. G+ve Coccobacilli > in Short Chains. Motile at 25 o C But Not at 37 o C. Aerobic to Microaerophilic. On BA > Narrow Zone of  -Haemolysis. Listerolysin O >

15. DISEASE Incidence and Transmission > i. In Adults: ii. Neonatal Infections: a. Early Type: b. Late Type:

16. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS i. Specimen: Depend on Syndrome: Blood, CSF, Genital Tract Secretions. ii. Media: Selective Media. Penicillin, Ampicillin. TREATMENT