1. Lab Equipment Subtitle

2. Beakers and Graduated Cylinders Beakers hold solids or liquids that will not release gases when reacted or are unlikely to splatter if stirred or heated. A graduated cylinder is used to measure volumes of liquids.

3. Funnel and Flasks An Erlenmeyer Flask holds solids or liquids that may release gases during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if stirred or heated. A funnel is used to aid in the transfer of liquid from one vessel to another.

4. Flasks Volumetric Flask Rarely used in first year chemistry. It is used for making precise concentrations of solutions. Usually comes in volumes of 1000 mL, 500 mL, and 250 mL. There is a graduation on the neck of the bottle to indicate the volume of the flask.

5. Medicine Dropper and Pipettes A medicine dropper is used to transfer a small volume of liquid (less than one mL). On top of each medicine dropper is a “rubber bulb” A pipette is used to transfer liquid from one container to another (very small increments, usually 0.25 mL).

6. Burettes Burettes are long graduated cylinders used to add very precise amounts of solutions. Burettes are typically used in titrations – mixing acids and bases.

7. Forceps, Tweezers, and Tongs Forceps (or tweezers) are used to pick up small objects. Beaker tongs are used to pick-up hot objects and/or small beakers. For handling hot crucibles; also used to pick up other hot objects. NOT to be used for picking up beakers!

8. Test Tubes 13 x 100 mm test tubes 10 x 75 mm test tubes Ignitiontube Test tubes come in a wide variety of sizes. Test tubes are used to hold small amounts of pre-measured substances

9. Test Tube Tongs and Test Tube Rack A test tube tongs are used to hold test tubes over flames or that are too hot to handle. Test tube racks are used for holding, organizing, and cleaning test tubes.. Plastic racks may melt in contact with very hot test tubes.

10. Test Tube Brushes and Rubber Stoppers Test tube brushes are used to clean test tubes and graduated cylinders. Forcing a large brush into a small test tube may damage or could possibly break the tube. Rubber stoppers are used to close containers to avoid spillage or contamination. Containers should never be heated when there is a stopper in place.

11. Well Plates and Weigh Boats Well plates are used when we want to perform many small scale reactions at one time. We will use these several times during the year. Weighing boats are used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel.

12. Watch Glass and Glass Plate A watch glass is used to hold a small amount of solid, such as the product of a reaction. It is also used to cover an evaporating to help prevent splattering. Glass plates provide a surface for semi- micro scale experiments, such as drop reactions and testing of acids and bases.

13. Glass Stir Rod, Spatulas, and “Scoopulas” A glass rod is used to manually stir solutions. It can also be used to transfer a single drop of a solution. Spatulas are used to dispense solid chemicals from their containers. Chemicals should never be transferred with your bare hands. “Scoopulas” are used for transferring dry chemicals from their containers.

14. pH and Litmus Paper Red litmus paper is used to identify bases. Blue litmus paper is used to identify acids. pH paper is used to determine the pH of a solution. Dip the strip in the solution and compare the color to the chart included with the paper. Litmus paper is rarely used in this chemistry class.

15. Bunsen Burner and Striker Bunsen burners are used for the heating of nonvolatile liquids and solids. Strikers are used to light Bunsen burners. The flints on strikers are expensive. Do not operate the striker repeatedly just to see the sparks!

16. Ring Stands and Their Components Ring stands – a Bunsen burner is placed on the stand and a wire screen sits atop the ring. The wire mesh is used to hold glassware and ceramics while heating. Iron rings connect to a ring stand and provide a stable, elevated platform for the reaction.

17. Evaporating Dish and Crucibles The evaporating dish is used for the heating of stable solid compounds and elements. Crucibles are used for heating certain solids, particularly metals, to very high temperatures.

18. Ring Stands and Their Components The clay triangle is used as a support for porcelain crucibles when being heated over a Bunsen burner. Wire gauze sits on the iron ring to provide a place to stand a beaker. In older wire gauze, the white material is asbestos!

19. Ring Stands and Their Components Utility clamps are used to secure test tubes, distillation columns, and burets to the ring stand. Double Buret clamps are used to hold burets – long graduated tubes used in titration.

20. Safety Wear Heat resistant gloves are used to handle hot objects. Normal laboratory gloves are used in the laboratory anytime chemicals are used. Goggles are used to protect your eyes.

21. Measuring Instruments A digital balance is used to determine the mass of a smaller, lighter object A triple beam balance is used to determine the mass of a larger, heavier object. A thermometer is used to measure how much heat energy is in an object. A meter stick is used to measure the length of an object.

22. Microscopes A microscope is used for magnifying very small items for easier viewing. Microscope slides are used for holding specimens on the microscope.

23. Wash Bottle A wash bottle has a spout that delivers a wash solution to a specific area. Distilled water is the only liquid that should be used in a wash bottle.