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CHAPTER 9 Proteins and Their Synthesis CHAPTER 9 Proteins and Their Synthesis Copyright 2008 © W H Freeman and Company
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CHAPTER OUTLINE 9.1 Protein structure 9.2 Colinearity of gene and protein 9.3 The genetic code 9.4 tRNA: the adapter 9.5 Ribosomes 9.6 The proteome
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Chapter 9 Opener Surface of the ribosome from the bacterium Haloarcula marismortui
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Figure 9-1 The binding of a drug molecule to the ribosome prevents translation
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Protein structure
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Figure 9-2a The peptide bond
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Figure 9-2b The peptide bond
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Figure 9-3 Levels of protein structure
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Figure 9-3a Levels of protein structure
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Figure 9-3b Levels of protein structure
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Figure 9-3c Levels of protein structure
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Figure 9-3d Levels of protein structure
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Colinearity of gene and protein
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Figure 9-4 Gene and protein sequences are colinear
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The genetic code
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Figure 9-5 Overlapping versus nonoverlapping genetic codes
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Figure 9-6 The genetic code
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tRNA: the adapter
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Figure 9-7 The structure of transfer RNA
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Figure 9-8 An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase attaches an amino acid to its tRNA
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Figure 9-9 Two superimposed tRNAs
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Figure 9-10 Wobble allows one tRNA to recognize two codons
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Table 9-1
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Table 9-2
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Ribosomes
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Figure 9-11 Protein and RNA molecules compose the two subunits of a ribosome
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Figure 9-12 rRNA folds up by intramolecular base pairing
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Figure 9-13 Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
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Figure 9-13a Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
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Figure 9-13b Key sites of interaction in the ribosome
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Figure 9-14 Shine–Dalgarno sequence
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Figure 9-15 Translation initiation in prokaryotes
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Figure 9-15 part 1 Translation initiation in prokaryotes
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Figure 9-15 part 2 Translation initiation in prokaryotes
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Figure 9-16 Translation initiation in eukaryotes
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Figure 9-16 part 1 Translation initiation in eukaryotes
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Figure 9-16 part 2 Translation initiation in eukaryotes
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Figure 9-17 Steps in translation elongation
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Figure 9-18 Termination of translation
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Figure 9-19 A suppressor counteracts the effects of a nonsense mutation
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The proteome
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Figure 9-20 Alternative splicing produces related but distinct protein isoforms
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Figure 9-21 Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins
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Figure 9-22 All protein interactions in an organism compose the interactome
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Figure 9-23 Ubiquitinization targets a protein for degradation
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Figure 9-24 Signal sequences target proteins for secretion
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