1. Stress and health psychology liudexiang

2. Overview Source of stress Coping with stress How stress affects health Staying healthy Extreme stress

3. Stress Stress: A state of psychological tension or strain. Health psychology: A subfield of psychology concerned with the relationship between psychological factors and physical health and illness.

4. Sources of stress Stressor: Any environmental demand that creats a state of tension or threat and requires change or adaptation.

5. Sources of stress Change Everyday hassles Self-imposed stress Stress and individual differences

6. Everyday hassles Pressure: A feeling that one must speed up, intensify, or change the direction of one’s behavior or live up to a higher standard of performance. Frustration: The feeling that occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal.

7. Everyday hassles Conflict: Simultaneous existence of incompatible demands, opportunities, needs, or goals.

8. Types of conflict Approach/approach conflict Avoidance/avoidance conflict Approach/avoidance conflict

9. Approach/approach conflict Approach/approach conflict : According to Lewin, the result of simultaneous attraction to two appealing possibilities, neither of which has any negative qualities.

10. Avoidance/avoidance conflict Avoidance/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of facing a choice between two undesirable possiblities, neither of which has any positive qualities.

11. Approach/avoidance conflict Approach/avoidance conflict: According to Lewin, the result of being simultaneously attracted to and repelled by the same goal.

12. Coping with stress Direct coping Defensive coping

13. Direct coping Confrontation: Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or to attain the difficult goal.

14. Direct coping Compromise: deciding on a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical. Withdrawal: Avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical.

15. Defensive coping Defense mechanisms: Self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress, including denial, repression, projection, identification, regression, intellectualization, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation.

16. Defense mechanisms Denial: Refusal to acknowledge a painful or threatening reality. Repression: Excluding uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, and desires from consciousness. Projection: Attributing one’s repressed motives, feelings, or wishes to others.

17. Defense mechanisms Identification: Taking on the characteristics of someone else to avoid feeling incompetent. Regression: Reverting to childlike behavior and defenses. Intellectualization: Thinking abstractly about stressful problems as a way of detaching oneself from them.

18. Defense mechanisms Reaction formation: Expression of exaggerated ideas and emotions that are the opposite of one’s repressed beliefs or feelings. Displacement: Shifting repressed motives and emotions from an orginal object to a substitute object. Sublimation: Redirection repressed motives and feelings into more socially acceptable channels.

19. Staying healthy Reduce stress Adopt a healthy lifestyle

20. Reduce stress Calm down Reach out Religion and altruism Learn to cope effectively

21. Adopt a healthy lifestyle Diet Exercise Quit smoking Avoid high risk behaviors

22. Extreme stress Unemployment Divorce and separation Bereavement Catastrophes Combat and other threatening personal attacks

23. Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) Psychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing past event.

24. The end