2. December 3, 2013 Dr. Jeffrey Musser http://www.ghananewsagency.org Bugs in your Blood: Malaria!

3. Malaria’s Impact Worldwide Incidence 350 to 500 million clinical cases > 1,000,000 deaths each year 800,000 are children < 5 yrs. old

4. Where does malaria occur? World Health Organization, January 2004 Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn

5. Malaria - Questions Where does malaria occur? How did it get there? What is malaria? How people get malaria? What are the clinical signs? - what happens to infected people? - life cycle of malaria?

6. Questions Malaria in Texas - how did it get here and why is it not here now?

7. Misinformation on the Web

8. What do you know about Malaria?

9. What is Malaria?

10. Art.com

11. What is Malaria? Art.com protozoan parasite, a single-celled organisms, that infects red blood cells Plasmodium sp.

12. Early History Has infected man during known history Originated in Africa and followed human migration Malaria

13. Where and when did Malaria first occur? AFRICA

14. Malaria 3 Demons: Chills, Fever, Headaches Nei Ching 2700 BC Great cold, intense shivering, body convulsing Fever up to 106º, great thirst Massive headaches ~6 hours, fever breaks Cycles every 48 or 72 hrs., depending on malaria species

15. Miasma theory a poisonous air exhaled by decaying vegetable matter, especially by swamps

16. Malaria lifecycle before 1876 3 Demons: Chills, Fever, Headaches Miasma

17. Charles Laveran Military physician stationed in Algeria in 1876

18. Malaria in 1876 Algeria

19. What did he see? Plasmodium spp. protozoan parasite – single-celled organisms

20. Malaria lifecycle

21. Malaria in 1897 India

22. Sir Ronald Ross India 1897 20 August 1897 Found the malaria protozoan in the stomach of an Anopheles mosquito…

23. “… clear and almost perfectly circular outline … another, and another exactly similar cell. Here was the clue … the mosquito itself had become infected”

24. The Anopheles mosquito was the vector An organism (such as an insect or rodent) that transmits a pathogen

25. Malaria lifecycle

27. Malaria lifecycle & illness

28. Malaria is species specific Humans Primates Birds Reptiles All Plasmodium but different species

29. http://animal.discovery.com/videos/monsters-inside-me-malaria-parasite.html

30. Malaria comes to the Americas No malaria prior to 1492

31. Malaria comes to the Americas 1492 – European exploration

32. Malaria in the U.S. circa 1850

33. Malaria in the U.S. circa 1912

34. Malaria in the U.S. circa 2012

35. For Malaria to persist, need Reservoir – where the mosquitoes get the parasite Vector – Anopheles mosquitoes Host – the animal that gets infected

36. Elimination and Prevention of Malaria Reduce contact with vector Reduce reservoir

37. Elimination and Prevention of Malaria Reduce contact with vector Is the vector in Texas? Mosquito is the vector YES!!!

38. Elimination and Prevention of Malaria Reduce contact with vector

39. Elimination and Prevention of Malaria Reduce contact with vector

40. Elimination and Prevention of Malaria Reduce contact with vector Reduce reservoir Infected person Infected mosquito Infected Mosquito gets infected by biting infected person - where the mosquitoes get the parasite

41. Elimination and Prevention of Malaria Reduce contact with vector Reduce reservoir No endemic malaria

42. Land Area www.worldmapper.org

43. Malaria Deaths www.worldmapper.org

44. Mortality 1-4 Year Olds www.worldmapper.org

45. Remember, protect yourselfRemember,