1. If you had a million dollars, what would you spend it on? Think about this question and be prepared to share aloud with the class.

2. Presentation prepared by: Marilyn Shaw University of Northern IA This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

4. Start early and gather information that you think you will need. Think carefully about your topic. Where should you go to find information about your topic? Prepare a preliminary list of references. Be selective about materials that will enhance your own knowledge and clarify information for your listeners. Understand your instructor’s specifications for the assignment. Take good notes and keep complete information on the sources. At some point, “enough is enough. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5. The Internet as an Information Source Basic Guidelines Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Author Publishing Body Currency Purpose

6. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 6 Author or producer? Reliability of source? Bias of source? Completeness and accuracy? Intended audience? Currency of source? Quality of writing? Webmaster contact info provided?

7. Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

8. Using Yourself The Interview Establish the purpose of the interview Choose the interviewee Conduct research prior to the interview Record the interview Prepare questions Organize the interview Other considerations Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

9. Library Computer Search Mediated Information Sources The Reference Department Suggestions for Doing Research State a clear purpose before starting your research Begin your research early Use computer searches when possible Maintain a bibliography of sources Take notes Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

10. www.vlib.org www.digital-librarian.com www.loc.gov/rr/index.html

11. Search engines index the contents of the Web and make it easier for the user to find information. Individual search engines, such as Google and Yahoo!, compile their own databases. Meta-search engines, such as Mamma.com and Dogpile, scan many individual search engines simultaneously pulling the top, and usually paid listings, from each. Specialized search engines, or vortals, conduct searches in a particular field. Examples of SSE are GoogleScholar, FindArticles, and WebMD.

12. Remember that your research is subject to both your ability to do a good search and other factors such as commercial ones: Paid Inclusion and paid placement When companies want ensure a successful search for them they may pay Google, Yahoo, etc. to guarantee their result ratio 12

13. Testimony Increases trustworthiness Qualified sources Believable to the listener Examples Brief examples Illustrations Analogies Restatements 13

14. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 14 Opinions or conclusions of witnesses or recognized authorities add trustworthiness. The speaker’s own experience can be good testimony. Two kinds of testimony: Expert and Lay

15. Brief examples: a specific instance used to introduce a topic, drive home a point, or create a desired impression. Illustration: a narrative, case history, or anecdote that is striking and memorable. Two types of illustrations: Factual – a report of something that exists or actual happened Hypothetical - report of something that could happen given a specific set of circumstances Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 15

16. Analogy: A comparison of two things that are similar in certain essential characteristics. Two types of analogies: Figurative – a comparison of things in different categories. Example: “Life is like a river.” Literal – a comparison of things of the same category. Example: “Birds of a feather…” Restatement: The expression of the same idea but with different words. “To put it another way…” Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 16

17. Definitions Logical definition Operational definition Definition by example 17

18. Logical: a definition consisting of a term’s dictionary definition and the characteristics that distinguish the term from other members of the same category. Operational: A definition that explains how an object or concept works or lists the steps that make up a process Definition by example: clarifying a term, not by describing it or giving its meaning, but by mentioning or showing an example of it Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 18

19. Fact: A documented occurrence Facts are used to give credibility to opinion and clarify statements based on objectively gathered and documented occurrences, such as statistics. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 19

20. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 20 Statistics are numerical data that show relationships or summarize or interpret many instances.

21. Frequency: How often a relationship or characteristic occurs – ex. 1 out of 5 Average/Mean: The ‘typical’ occurrence – ex. The average American… Percentage: A portion of a whole – ex. 50% Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 21

22. 1. Sources must be reliable/neutral 2. Explain statistics you are using 3. Use sparingly 4. Round off large numbers when possible 5. Use visual aids to present statistics if appropriate/possible 22

23. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 23

24. Check the source – Remember that while statistics are made of numbers that are objective and absolute; the people gathering them can be unreliable. Do not “cherry- pick”: Do not use only the statistics that reflect your opinion without first acknowledging that there may contradictory ones Use statistics in their context – statistics are not eternal and are always subject to being updated. They are essentially quantitative captures of a moment in time. Statistics of populations never reflect the ENTIRE population, only the portion that participated. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008 24

25. Read page 204 titled, “Finding Web Information Sources” Answer questions 1-5 with a partner Be prepared to share aloud

26. Refer to learning web What questions do you have for me? WE WILL HAVE OUR MIDTERM THE NEXT TIME WE MEET FOR CLASS!!!! Bring: A pencil One scantron #882